1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the document. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In the first half of 2025, the issuance volume and scale of personal consumer finance - related asset - backed securities increased year - on - year, while those of micro - loan asset - backed securities decreased year - on - year due to reduced issuance by major platforms. The primary originators of these products are trust companies and small - loan companies, and the underlying asset generation platforms are mainly leading Internet finance platforms, showing a significant head - concentration effect. These products mostly adopt the non - subject credit enhancement model, and the issuance interest rates have declined, with significantly increased secondary - market trading activity [5][7][87]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 General Situation - In H1 2025, the exchange market issued 212 personal consumer finance and micro - loan asset - backed securities, with a total issuance scale of 159.791 billion yuan, a 32.99% year - on - year increase in scale and a 0.08 - percentage - point increase in the proportion of the total issuance scale of enterprise asset - backed securities in the exchange market [6]. - Personal consumer finance products dominated, with 170 issues and a scale of 129.059 billion yuan, a 45.51% year - on - year increase in scale. Micro - loan products had 42 issues and a scale of 30.732 billion yuan, a 2.32% year - on - year decrease in scale [7]. 3.2 Personal Consumer Finance - Related Asset - Backed Securities 3.2.1 Issuance - In terms of issuance venues, the Shanghai Stock Exchange issued 100 products worth 70.383 billion yuan (54.54% by amount), and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange issued 70 products worth 58.676 billion yuan (45.46% by amount) [9]. - The top five originators accounted for 69.53% of the issuance scale, and the top ten accounted for 91.38%. The top five platforms accounted for 84.24% of the issuance scale [10][12]. - The top five managers accounted for 65.64% of the newly - added management scale, and the top ten accounted for 92.32% [15]. - Most products used the priority/secondary structured layering credit enhancement method. 149 products (91.53% by scale) adopted the non - subject credit enhancement model [17]. - The highest single - product issuance scale was 2 billion yuan, and the lowest was 1.33 billion yuan. Products with a single - scale in the (5, 10] billion yuan range had the most issuance volume, accounting for 75% of the scale [20]. - The shortest product term was 0.60 years, and the longest was 3.25 years. Products with a term in the (1, 3] - year range had the most issuance volume, accounting for 87.04% of the scale [21]. - AAAsf - rated securities accounted for 89.80% of the issuance scale [22]. - The interest - rate center of 1 - year - around AAAsf - rated securities was approximately between 1.78% and 2.28%, with the median decreasing by about 9BP year - on - year [24]. 3.2.2 Issuance Spread - Compared with the same - term treasury bonds, the average issuance spread of 1 - year AAAsf - rated personal consumer finance asset - backed securities narrowed in H1 2025, while that of 3 - year securities widened [31]. - Compared with the same - term AAA - rated corporate bonds, the average issuance spread of 1 - year and 3 - year AAAsf - rated personal consumer finance asset - backed securities both narrowed [35]. - The average issuance interest rate of 1 - year AAAsf - rated personal consumer finance asset - backed securities decreased by 41BP year - on - year [38]. 3.2.3 Filing - In H1 2025, 142 personal consumer finance asset - backed special plans were filed with the Asset Management Association of China, with a total scale of 101.031 billion yuan, a 12.06% year - on - year increase in scale [39]. 3.2.4 Secondary - Market Trading - In H1 2025, there were 3,595 secondary - market transactions, an increase of 1,386 year - on - year, with a total transaction scale of 62.625 billion yuan, a 51.20% year - on - year increase [41]. 3.2.5 Maturity in H2 2025 - As of the end of June 2025, 243 personal consumer finance asset - backed securities were expected to mature in H2 2025, with a scale of 49.846 billion yuan [43]. 3.3 Micro - Loan Asset - Backed Securities 3.3.1 Issuance - In terms of issuance venues, the Shanghai Stock Exchange issued 34 products worth 23.632 billion yuan (76.90% by amount), and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange issued 8 products worth 7.1 billion yuan (23.10% by amount) [46]. - The top five originators accounted for 73.24% of the issuance scale, and the top ten accounted for 98.70%. The top five platforms accounted for 89.48% of the issuance scale [46][48]. - The top five managers accounted for 75.19% of the newly - added management scale [49]. - Most products used the priority/secondary structured layering credit enhancement method. 37 products (87.88% by scale) adopted the non - subject credit enhancement model [51]. - The highest single - product issuance scale was 1.5 billion yuan, and the lowest was 1.07 billion yuan. Products with a single - scale in the (5, 10] billion yuan range had the most issuance volume, accounting for 68.33% of the scale [54]. - The shortest product term was 0.96 years, and the longest was 3.05 years. Products with a term in the (1, 3] - year range had the most issuance volume, accounting for 85.33% of the scale [56]. - AAAsf - rated securities accounted for 85.95% of the issuance scale [58]. - The interest - rate center of 1 - year - around AAAsf - rated securities was approximately between 1.78% and 2.28%, with the median decreasing by about 25BP year - on - year [60]. 3.3.2 Issuance Spread - Compared with the same - term treasury bonds and AAA - rated corporate bonds, the average issuance spread of 1 - year AAAsf - rated micro - loan asset - backed securities narrowed in H1 2025 [68][72]. - The average issuance interest rate of 1 - year AAAsf - rated micro - loan asset - backed securities decreased by 36BP year - on - year [73]. 3.3.3 Filing - In H1 2025, 40 micro - loan asset - backed special plans were filed with the Asset Management Association of China, with a total scale of 27.832 billion yuan, a 2.35% year - on - year increase in scale [74]. 3.3.4 Secondary - Market Trading - In H1 2025, there were 1,360 secondary - market transactions, an increase of 559 year - on - year, with a total transaction scale of 22.505 billion yuan, a 101.70% year - on - year increase [76]. 3.3.5 Maturity in H2 2025 - As of the end of June 2025, 57 micro - loan asset - backed securities were expected to mature in H2 2025, with a scale of 8.412 billion yuan [77]. 3.4 Industry Dynamic Review - In January 2025, the State Financial Regulatory Administration issued the Interim Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Small - Loan Companies, which refined and standardized the business processes of small - loan companies and raised the access threshold for asset - backed securities issuance [81]. - In March 2025, the Asset Management Association of China issued the Work Details for Due Diligence in Bond - Based Asset - Securitization Business, including small - loan claims in the due - diligence framework [82]. - In June 2025, six departments including the People's Bank of China jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Financial Support for Boosting and Expanding Consumption, incorporating consumer rights protection into the ABS regulatory rating system [83].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report's industry investment rating. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Shanghai, Jiangsu and other regions are exploring the use of special-purpose bonds to support government investment funds, with a total scale of 36 billion yuan this year, which helps improve the efficiency of special-purpose bond funds and promote the high - quality development of government investment funds [6][7]. - Beijing has repaid part of its special - purpose bonds ahead of schedule for the third time, which helps save interest expenses and smooth the pressure of debt maturity [6][11]. - This week, 18 urban investment enterprises prepaid bond principal and interest, and the issuance of "25 Nanjing Tiejian SCP002" was cancelled [6][13]. - The issuance and net financing of local government bonds increased this week, with rising issuance interest rates and widening spreads. The issuance of new special - purpose bonds accelerated, and the cumulative issuance of special new special - purpose bonds exceeded 900 billion yuan. The issuance of urban investment bonds decreased, and the net financing scale turned negative [6][16]. - In the trading of local government bonds and urban investment bonds, the trading scale of local government bonds decreased, and the trading scale of urban investment bonds increased. Most of the maturity yields of urban investment bonds increased [28][29]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 News Review - **Special - purpose bonds support government investment funds**: Shanghai, Jiangsu and other regions are exploring the use of special - purpose bonds for government investment funds. The current disclosed scale has reached 36 billion yuan. Policy space has opened up, and government investment funds are not on the "negative list" [6][7][8]. - **Beijing repays special - purpose bonds ahead of schedule**: On August 20, Beijing repaid 145 million yuan of special - purpose bonds ahead of schedule, which is the third time. It helps save interest expenses and smooth the pressure of debt maturity [11]. - **18 urban investment enterprises prepaid bond principal and interest**: This week, 18 urban investment enterprises prepaid the principal and interest of 20 bonds, with a total scale of 4.789 billion yuan, a decrease compared to the previous period [13]. - **Cancellation of the issuance of "25 Nanjing Tiejian SCP002"**: The planned issuance scale was 700 million yuan. As of August 22, 84 urban investment bonds have been postponed or cancelled this year, with a total scale of 51.076 billion yuan [14][15]. 3.2 Issuance of Local Government Bonds and Urban Investment Enterprise Bonds - **Local government bonds**: This week, 110 local government bonds were issued, with a scale increase of 303.74% to 369.15 billion yuan, and the net financing turned positive. The issuance of new special - purpose bonds accelerated. As of August 22, new special - purpose bonds reached 3.076157 trillion yuan, completing 69.91% of the annual quota. The weighted average issuance interest rate rose by 18.20BP to 2.13%, and the spread widened by 2.69BP to 20.23BP [16]. - **Urban investment bonds**: 167 urban investment bonds were issued this week, with a scale decrease of 13.80% to 105.794 billion yuan, and the net financing turned negative. The overall issuance interest rate was 2.34%, rising by 16.16BP, and the spread was 80.64BP, widening by 11.61BP. Seven overseas urban investment bonds were issued, with a total scale of 5.246 billion yuan [20][21]. 3.3 Trading of Local Government Bonds and Urban Investment Enterprise Bonds - **Fund situation**: The central bank conducted 2.077 trillion yuan of reverse repurchase operations in the open market this week, with a net investment of 1.3652 trillion yuan. Short - term capital interest rates mostly rose [28]. - **Credit rating adjustment**: On August 1, Dagong International upgraded the credit rating of Anhui Chuzhou Urban Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd. from AA+ to AAA [28]. - **Credit events and regulatory penalties**: No urban investment credit risk events occurred this week [28]. - **Local government bonds**: The spot trading scale of local government bonds was 34.4287 billion yuan, a decrease of 4.51%. Except for the 1 - year bonds, the maturity yields of other maturities increased [28]. - **Urban investment bonds**: The trading scale of urban investment bonds was 28.955 billion yuan, an increase of 19.38%. Most of the maturity yields increased, with an average increase of 8.01BP. The spreads of 1 - year and 5 - year AA+ urban investment bonds widened, and the spread of 3 - year AA+ urban investment bonds narrowed. There were 15 abnormal transactions of 14 bonds of 13 urban investment entities [29]. 3.4 List of Important Announcements of Urban Investment Enterprises This week, 86 urban investment enterprises announced changes in senior management, legal representatives, directors, supervisors, etc., including changes in controlling shareholders and actual controllers, equity/asset transfers, cumulative new borrowings, name changes, external guarantees, and changes in business scope [33].

Policy Initiatives - The central government has issued guidelines to enhance financial support for new industrialization, focusing on manufacturing and digital infrastructure[2] - The guidelines propose 18 measures across various financial tools, including loans, bonds, and asset securitization, to improve financial service adaptability[2] Asset Securitization Insights - The current stock of financing lease ABS products is approximately 440 billion yuan, with potential expansion under policy support[3] - The first batch of data center REITs launched in August, with issuance sizes of 2.4 billion yuan and 4.5 billion yuan, achieving a market participation increase of 30% on the first trading day[3] Market Trends - In July 2025, the total issuance of asset securitization products was 200.48 billion yuan, a decrease of 5% from the previous period[6] - The average issuance cost for policy pledge loan products remains the highest among various categories, indicating ongoing high financing costs[6] Performance Metrics - The interbank ABS market saw a significant growth of 33%, with 32.93 billion yuan issued in July 2025[17] - The exchange ABS market remained stable, with 128.5 billion yuan issued, showing little change from the previous month[20] Risk Considerations - Future cash flow will be critical for the success of asset securitization, necessitating ongoing monitoring of cash flow recovery from underlying assets[3] - The secondary market for ABS products has seen a decline in trading activity, with total transactions in the interbank market dropping significantly[27]

Group 1: Economic Overview - The national economy is showing steady progress, with key economic indicators performing well, but still facing risks such as a complex external environment and insufficient domestic demand[2] - In July, industrial added value growth was 5.7%, down 1.1 percentage points from the previous month, while retail sales growth fell to 3.7%, also down 1.1 percentage points[3] - Fixed asset investment growth was 1.6%, a decrease of 1.2 percentage points from the previous value, indicating weakened supply and demand[3] Group 2: Monetary Policy Signals - The report emphasizes the need for "appropriate and detailed implementation of a moderately loose monetary policy," suggesting that comprehensive rate cuts may be delayed[3] - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) in July was 0%, indicating a shift from positive to flat, while the core CPI rose to 0.8%, the highest since March 2024[5] - The report highlights the importance of enhancing price levels to lower real financing costs, as the current level is historically high compared to the U.S.[5] Group 3: Structural Adjustments - The focus has shifted from increasing credit volume to optimizing credit structure, with an emphasis on supporting small and micro enterprises, technology, and consumption[7] - The report indicates a need for diversified financing channels, moving from indirect to direct financing methods, particularly in technology innovation[8] - There is a renewed emphasis on preventing fund "circulation" and ensuring that funds are effectively utilized in the real economy to avoid financial risks[9]

Group 1: Report Overview - The report is titled "Enterprise Asset-Backed Securities Product Report (July 2025)" and is a regular report by Zhongchengxin International [5]. Group 2: Industry Investment Rating - No information provided on industry investment rating. Group 3: Core Viewpoints - In July 2025, the issuance rhythm of enterprise asset-backed securities slowed down, the financing cost further decreased, the secondary market activity decreased month-on-month but increased significantly year-on-year [5]. Group 4: Issuance Situation - In July 2025, 123 enterprise asset-backed securities were issued, with a total issuance scale of 130.342 billion yuan. Compared with the previous month, the number of issuances decreased by 29, and the issuance scale decreased by 2.36%. Compared with the same period last year, the number of issuances decreased by 9, but the issuance scale increased by 20.50% [5][6][22]. - The top five original equity holders in terms of issuance scale were China CITIC Financial Asset Management Co., Ltd., China Railway Capital Co., Ltd., China Railway Trust Co., Ltd., Runze Technology Development Co., Ltd., and Ping An International Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., with a combined issuance scale of 31.425 billion yuan, accounting for 24.11% [7]. - The top five managers in terms of new management scale were CITIC Securities Co., Ltd., CITIC Construction Investment Securities Co., Ltd., Huatai Securities (Shanghai) Asset Management Co., Ltd., Tianfeng (Shanghai) Securities Asset Management Co., Ltd., and Ping An Securities Co., Ltd., with a combined new management scale of 60.789 billion yuan, accounting for 46.64% [10]. - The underlying asset types mainly included accounts receivable, enterprise financial leasing, personal consumer finance, public REITs, and supply chains [5][22]. - The highest single-product issuance scale was 10.01 billion yuan, and the lowest was 0.94 billion yuan. The most issuance orders were in the (5, 10] billion yuan range, with 45 orders and an amount accounting for 27.13% [15]. - The shortest product term was 0.50 years, and the longest was 59.97 years. The most products were in the (1, 3] - year range, with 49 orders and a scale accounting for 27.49% [16][17]. - According to the issuance scale of each level of securities, AAAsf - level securities accounted for 83.22% [17]. - The lowest issuance interest rate of one - year - around AAAsf - level securities was 1.68%, and the highest was 2.58%. The interest rate center was approximately between 1.60% and 1.80%, with the median decreasing by about 30BP month - on - month and about 7BP year - on - year [20]. Group 5: Filing Situation - In July 2025, 153 enterprise asset - backed securities were filed with the Asset Management Association of China, with a total scale of 144.002 billion yuan [5][23]. Group 6: Secondary Market Transaction - In July 2025, enterprise asset - backed securities had 4,309 transactions on the exchange market, with a total transaction amount of 101.986 billion yuan. The number of transactions decreased by 146 month - on - month and increased by 1,236 year - on - year. The transaction amount decreased by 9.09% month - on - month and increased by 50.55% year - on - year [5][24]. - The more active underlying asset types in the secondary market were class REITs, accounts receivable, CMBS, enterprise financial leasing, and supply chains, with transaction amount accounting for 22.49%, 18.87%, 12.43%, 10.77%, and 10.14% respectively [24]. Group 7: August 2025 Maturity Analysis - As of the end of July 2025, 154 outstanding enterprise asset - backed securities were due for repayment in August 2025, with a total scale of 36.4 billion yuan [26]. - The underlying assets of the due securities were mainly accounts receivable, personal consumer finance, supply chains, and policy loan pledges, with due scale accounting for 36.19%, 19.06%, 15.91%, and 11.63% respectively [26]. - China Railway Trust Co., Ltd. had 5 due securities with a repayment scale of 9.08 billion yuan, accounting for 24.95%, and China Pacific Life Insurance Co., Ltd. had 6 due securities with a repayment scale of 4.234 billion yuan, accounting for 11.63% [26].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the real estate industry Core Insights - The introduction of the "Housing Rental Regulations" is a significant step towards standardizing housing rental activities and promoting high-quality development in the real estate market [3][7] - The regulations aim to enhance the rights and interests of rental parties and support the transition from a single sales model to a diversified development model in the real estate sector [3][7] - The report highlights the importance of the "rent-purchase dual-track" system in stabilizing the real estate market and addressing housing issues for various demographics [5][7] Market Tracking Summary Supply Side - The "Housing Rental Regulations" encourage families to rent out their properties and support enterprises in repurposing old buildings for rental use, which is expected to increase the supply of rental housing [4][6] - The report notes that the total area of unsold commercial housing has decreased for five consecutive months, but inventory levels remain high, indicating ongoing pressure to reduce stock [10] Demand Side - In July, the sales area and sales amount of commercial housing decreased by 8.40% and 14.08% year-on-year, respectively, with significant month-on-month declines [9] - The report indicates that the rental market is becoming more attractive to investors, with rental yields approaching the rates of five-year fixed deposits, leading to increased interest from institutional investors [6][12] Market Trends - The report observes that new home prices have shown signs of stabilization, while the second-hand housing market is experiencing a decline in transaction volume [8][11] - The introduction of supportive policies by local governments, such as optimizing housing purchase restrictions and increasing loan support, is expected to help stabilize the market [9][10]

Economic Growth - In the first half of 2025, the GDP growth rate in the eastern region averaged 5.3%, lagging behind the central (5.5%) and western (5.6%) regions, continuing the "east low, west high" trend[6][12] - The top five provinces accounted for 40% of the national GDP, with the top ten provinces making up 61.6%, indicating stable contributions from major economic provinces[13] Industrial Performance - The industrial added value in the central and western regions grew by 7.9% and 8.2% respectively, surpassing the national average of 6.4%, while eastern regions showed stable growth at 7.1%[27][31] - Eastern regions experienced a profit growth of over 10% in industrial enterprises, contrasting with the central and western regions where profits declined or showed minimal growth[31][30] Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment in the central region grew by 6.6%, exceeding the national level by 3.8 percentage points, while the eastern region's investment growth was only 1.7%[40][44] - Real estate investment in the eastern region decreased by 9.7%, contributing to the overall sluggish investment performance[44] Consumption Patterns - The central region led the nation in retail sales growth at 6.2%, while the eastern region lagged with a growth rate of only 4%[49][52] - The northeastern region saw a retail sales growth of 5.4%, benefiting from tourism and cultural events[52] Export Dynamics - The central and western regions achieved export growth rates of 15.5% and 17.5%, significantly higher than the national average of 7.2%, while the eastern region's export growth was only 1.4%[60] - Guangdong's exports grew by just 1.1%, heavily impacted by U.S. tariff policies and declining demand in the consumer electronics sector[60] Import Trends - In the first half of 2025, 21 provinces experienced negative import growth, particularly in the eastern and northeastern regions, with the eastern region's imports declining by 5.3%[66] - Some provinces in the central and western regions saw positive import growth, driven by resource products, with Anhui and Gansu achieving import growth rates of 13.4% and 30.3% respectively[66]

Economic Growth - In the first half of 2025, the GDP growth rate continued the "East low, West high" pattern, with the average GDP growth rate of the eastern region at 5.3%, lagging behind the central (5.5%) and western (5.6%) regions[6] - The top five provinces accounted for 40% of the national GDP, with the top ten provinces making up 61.6%[13] Industrial Performance - The industrial added value in the central and western regions grew by 7.9% and 8.2%, respectively, surpassing the national average of 6.4%[31] - Eastern provinces saw stable industrial growth at 7.1%, supported by rapid development in high-tech manufacturing and digital economy integration[27] Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment in the central and western regions outpaced the national average, with a growth rate of 6.6%, exceeding the national level by 3.8 percentage points[40] - Eastern regions experienced a decline in real estate investment, with a drop of 9.7%, significantly impacting overall investment growth[40] Consumption Patterns - The central region led the nation in retail sales growth at 6.2%, while the eastern region lagged behind at 4%, influenced by weak wealth effects and income expectations[49] - Hainan's retail sales surged by 11.2%, driven by tourism and new consumption policies[52] Export Dynamics - The central and western regions achieved double-digit export growth rates of 15.5% and 17.5%, respectively, while the eastern region's export growth was only 1.4% due to intensified US-China trade tensions[60] - Guangdong's exports grew by just 1.1%, significantly below the national average, affected by trade policies and global consumption downturns[60] Import Trends - In the first half of 2025, 21 provinces experienced negative import growth, particularly in the eastern and northeastern regions, with a 5.3% decline in the eastern region[66] - Some provinces in the central and western regions saw positive import growth, driven by resource products, with Anhui and Gansu achieving import growth rates of 13.4% and 30.3%, respectively[66] Future Outlook - Economic growth pressure is expected to increase in the second half of 2025, with the eastern region facing challenges from weak demand and real estate market uncertainties[71] - The central region is anticipated to maintain strong investment demand, benefiting from infrastructure projects and industrial transfers from the east[71]

Group 1: Industrial Profit Trends - In the first half of 2025, industrial enterprises' revenue grew by 2.5% year-on-year, a decline of 0.4 percentage points compared to the same period in 2024[2] - In June 2025, industrial profits decreased by 4.3% year-on-year, a significant narrowing of the decline by 4.8 percentage points from May[3] - Cumulatively, industrial profits for January to June 2025 fell by 1.8% year-on-year, worsening by 0.7 percentage points compared to the first five months of 2025[3] Group 2: Cost and Profit Margins - The operating profit margin for January to June 2025 was 5.15%, down 0.26 percentage points from the same period last year[4] - Costs per 100 yuan of revenue were 85.54 yuan, a slight decrease of 0.07 yuan from the first five months of 2025, but still higher than the 85.27 yuan recorded in the same period last year[6] - The average collection period for accounts receivable in industrial enterprises was 69.8 days, a decrease of 0.7 days, indicating improved cash flow[7] Group 3: Sector Performance - State-owned enterprises saw a profit decline of 7.6% year-on-year, while private enterprises experienced a profit growth of 1.7%, reflecting a mixed performance under challenging conditions[8] - The equipment manufacturing sector showed resilience, with a 7.0% increase in revenue and a profit growth of 9.6% in June 2025, contributing significantly to overall industrial profit growth[14] - The midstream manufacturing sector's profit share has increased for four consecutive months, reaching 48.6% in June 2025, while downstream sectors continue to face weak demand[13] Group 4: Future Outlook - The implementation of policies aimed at expanding domestic demand and countering "involution" is expected to support industrial profit recovery in the second half of 2025[18] - Ongoing uncertainties in external demand and trade tensions, particularly with the U.S., may continue to pressure export-dependent industries[19]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market is still subject to certain disturbances, but the fundamentals and capital still support the market. The yield center may remain low in the second half of the year, but attention should be paid to potential disturbances and grasp trading opportunities [20]. - The issuance of the "Notice" by the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors is conducive to strengthening market constraints and self - discipline management, improving market operation efficiency, and promoting the high - quality development of the bond market [5]. - The weakening US employment data has significantly increased the expectation of a US interest rate cut in September, which may promote international capital inflows, narrow the Sino - US interest rate spread, and create opportunities for domestic reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cuts [6]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Market Hotspots - The National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors issued the "Notice" to standardize bond issuance and underwriting, aiming to improve the market - oriented pricing efficiency of bonds, strengthen market constraints and self - discipline management, and promote the high - quality development of the bond market [5][12][13]. - The Fed maintained the interest rate unchanged in July, but the weak US employment data in July has increased the expectation of a US interest rate cut in September. If the Fed cuts interest rates, it may have a three - fold impact on the domestic bond market [6][16][17]. Macroeconomic Data - In July, the official manufacturing PMI was 49.3%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points from June. The supply and demand sides of the manufacturing industry both contracted, and the economic growth momentum was still weak. The Caixin manufacturing PMI was 49.5%, a decrease of 0.9 percentage points from June [7][21][22]. Money Market - Last week, the central bank made a net investment of 690 million yuan through open - market operations. After the month - end, the capital demand decreased, and the capital prices of most terms declined. The Shibor showed a trend of rising first and then falling [26]. Primary Market of Credit Bonds - Last week, the issuance scale of credit bonds decreased compared with the previous week, with a total issuance of 217.421 billion yuan, a decrease of 106.896 billion yuan from the previous period. The cancellation scale of issuance increased. The issuance costs of credit bonds showed mixed trends [28][29]. Secondary Market of Credit Bonds - Last week, the trading volume of cash bonds in the secondary market decreased, with the average daily trading volume decreasing by 12.1408 billion yuan to 184.6795 billion yuan. The yields of interest - rate bonds and most credit bonds declined, the credit spreads mostly expanded, and the rating spreads showed mixed trends [40]. Appendix - There were several bond default and extension events in the bond market, including "R Hongda 1", "15 Huazi Bond", "16 Huaye 02", etc. [53]. - There were a series of regulatory and market innovation dynamics, such as the National Association of Financial Market Institutional Investors' issuance of multiple notices to improve relevant information services and regulatory requirements [53][55].