Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the education sector in South Asia. Core Insights - The demographic transition in South Asia presents both challenges and opportunities for the education sector, with a projected decline of about 10% in the under-17 population by 2050, from 634 million in 2020 to 572 million [10] - The potential for reinvesting educational resources is significant, with an average of 0.6 percentage points of GDP available for basic education by 2050, even after achieving universal basic education [4] - The report emphasizes that a shrinking student population does not automatically lead to more efficient spending due to structural and political challenges [4] Summary by Sections Introduction - The demographic transition in South Asia is characterized by a decline in the school-age population, which varies across countries, with some experiencing growth while others face significant declines [10] Education Landscape - South Asia has seen improvements in access to education, with primary school attendance rates exceeding 90% in most countries, but quality remains a challenge, with high rates of learning poverty [11][12] - The region spends an average of only 3.5% of GDP on education, below the recommended 4% to 6% by UNESCO [12] Investment Efficiency - Inefficient allocation of education funds, primarily towards infrastructure and salaries, limits investments in areas that could enhance learning outcomes [14] - Strategic investments are needed to improve educational quality, including targeted campaigns and improved teaching practices [14] Demographic Opportunities - The demographic shift offers a chance to create fiscal space for improving education access and quality, but requires proactive policy choices to realize efficiency gains [15][16] - School consolidation is suggested as a method to manage costs while maintaining quality, though it faces political resistance [20][21] Projections and Scenarios - The report projects public education expenditure as a percentage of GDP from 2020 to 2050 across eight South Asian countries, considering various scenarios related to demographic changes and education system efficiency [23][24] - Four scenarios are analyzed: demographic changes only, universal enrollment by 2050, high-income country expenditure levels, and variable GDP growth rates [28][29] - Under the conservative GDP growth scenario, public expenditure on primary and secondary education could be reinvested to the equivalent of 1.7 percentage points of GDP by 2050 [29]

Policy Research Working Paper 11302 The Effect of Survey Mode on Data Quality Experimental Evidence from Nigeria Yannick Markhof Philip Wollburg Amparo Palacios-Lopez Pauline Castaing Akiko Sagesaka Ivette Contreras Development Economics Development Data Group February 2026 A verified reproducibility package for this paper is available at http://reproducibility.worldbank.org, click here for direct access. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosur ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The report emphasizes the need for a shift towards healthier, sustainable diets in Cambodia, highlighting the current dietary patterns that contribute to malnutrition and environmental issues [16][17] - It identifies the potential for dietary shifts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 31% and improve nutritional outcomes [20][30] - The analysis suggests that combining climate-smart agricultural practices with dietary changes can significantly mitigate environmental impacts while enhancing food security [27][28] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - Current diets in Cambodia are heavily reliant on rice and ultra-processed foods, leading to malnutrition [16] - The report proposes optimized diet baskets that are nutritious, affordable, and environmentally sustainable [17] Background - The report outlines the triple burden of malnutrition in Cambodia and the need for a comprehensive approach to food systems that integrates health, economic growth, and climate resilience [16][17] Results - Current Cambodian diets consist of approximately 400 g of rice per person per day, with recommendations to reduce this to 240-320 g while increasing fruit and vegetable intake significantly [20][23] - The analysis indicates that a shift towards healthier diets requires increased consumption of plant-based foods and a reduction in high greenhouse gas-emitting animal products [20][30] Recommendations - The report recommends priority actions for government stakeholders to align agricultural practices with health and nutrition goals, including the promotion of fortified rice and climate-smart agriculture [35][36] - It emphasizes the importance of social and behavior change strategies to encourage healthier eating habits among the population [25][36]

LEBANON ECONOMIC MONITOR A Fragile Rebound Winter 2025 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? Lebanon Economic Monitor A Fragile Rebound Winter 2025 Global Practice for Economic Policy Middle East and North Africa Region Rights and Permissions Document of the World Bank © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC ...

Public Disclosure Authorized 关注要点 创新融资支持非洲 包容性信贷金融科 技 2025年1月 • 大卫·克鲁伊夫和阿列克谢·索蒂里欧 权益与许可 CGAP：全球小额信贷机构合作组织（The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor） 1818 H街，西北，MSN F3K-306 华 www.cgap.org 盛顿，DC 20433 网址： 电子邮件： cgap@worldbank.org 电话：+1 202 473 9594 此作品遵循Creative Commons Attribution 4.0国际公共许可 证（ https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 在创意 共享许可协议下，您可以根据以下条件自由复制、分发、传 播和改编本作品，包括用于商业目的： 封面照片由iStock.com/peeterv提供 © CGAP/世界银行，2024。 归属——请按以下方式引用该作品：Kruijff, David，和Alexan der Sotiriou。"非洲包容性信用金融科技的创新融资。"2025。 工作 ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the carbon market and climate finance in Gabon's forest sector Core Insights - Gabon is positioned to deepen its engagement in international carbon market mechanisms, particularly following the finalization of the Article 6 rulebook of the Paris Agreement at COP29, linking this opportunity to its broader development agenda of transitioning from a hydrocarbon-dependent economy to a diversified, sustainable model [26][27] - The Strategic Roadmap for Climate Finance and Carbon Markets aims to operationalize access to carbon markets and climate finance mechanisms, focusing on the forestry sector where Gabon has a comparative advantage as a High Forest, Low Deforestation (HFLD) country [27][30] - Gabon's forests contain over 8.1 billion tons of carbon, representing almost 86 percent of annual global CO₂ emissions from the energy sector, yet the country currently realizes only a minor share of this value domestically [29][12] - The roadmap outlines immediate priorities for the forest sector to enhance Gabon's involvement in carbon markets and climate finance, emphasizing the need for legal clarity, institutional frameworks, and stakeholder capacity [30][44] Summary by Sections Executive Summary and Recommendations - Gabon is at a critical juncture to engage in international carbon markets, with carbon markets serving as a strategic lever to mobilize climate finance [26] - The roadmap emphasizes the need for readiness in technical systems, institutional frameworks, and legal clarity to operationalize access to carbon markets [27] Background and Objective - The report provides a detailed framework for advancing carbon finance initiatives within Gabon's forest sector, complementing the Gabon Forest Ecosystem Accounts [11] Key Decisions and Requirements for Carbon Markets Participation - The roadmap identifies strategic and regulatory foundations necessary for carbon market participation, including governance, integrity, and reporting [6][7] HFLD Specificities, Forest Offsets Standards and Climate Finance - Gabon aims to mobilize climate finance through results-based payments and participation in international carbon markets under Article 6, particularly through Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) [34][35] Priority Recommendations and Action Areas - The roadmap outlines six key policy pillars and priority action areas to strengthen participation in results-based payments and leverage climate finance [58][65] - Key actions include establishing a national carbon registry, defining carbon rights, and integrating carbon markets into the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) [59][60] Conclusion and Next Steps - The report concludes with a call for immediate actions to address gaps in Gabon's legal and institutional frameworks, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder engagement and capacity building [45][50]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a steady progress in implementing evaluation recommendations, with a notable improvement in the quality of evidence supporting these recommendations [12][15]. Core Insights - The FY25 Management Action Record (MAR) reflects the World Bank Group's (WBG) commitment to accountability, learning, and adaptation in implementing recommendations from Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluations [12]. - The report covers progress on 72 recommendations from 28 evaluations, with 13 new recommendations introduced in the FY25 cycle [12]. - A significant reduction in the percentage of recommendations assessed as "limited evidence" (LE) from 34% in FY24 to 13% in FY25, while "emerging evidence" (EE) assessments increased to 71% [12][15]. - The highest level of assessment, "change of direction" (CD), saw a slight decline from 22% to 17% [12][15]. - No recommendations were classified as "progress constrained" (PC) in FY25, compared to two in FY24 [12][15]. Summary by Sections Overview of Performance - The report highlights the distribution of recommendations across assessment levels, showing significant improvement in evidence quality [12][15]. - The total number of recommendations decreased from 77 in FY24 to 72 in FY25, with a projected further reduction to 68 in FY26 [22]. Evidence of Progress and Self-Assessment: Highlights - Implementation progress varies by recommendation, with some achieving CD in less than four years [19]. - The report notes that 12 recommendations reached CD in FY25, with eight of these achieving it before the standard four-year reporting period [19][20]. - Management proposed the retirement of 19 recommendations from 14 evaluations, reflecting confidence in the sustainability of implemented systems and structures [22]. Evaluation Themes - The evaluations cover various themes, including Prosperity, Planet, Infrastructure, Digital, and Cross-Cutting issues, with specific recommendations for each theme [27]. - The report emphasizes the importance of cross-organizational collaboration in addressing complex challenges, such as climate action and gender equality [12][22].

HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES CARE IN AZERBAIJAN A MIXED METHODS CASCADE ANALYSIS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES CARE IN AZERBAIJAN: A MIXED METHODS CASCADE ANALYSIS 1 © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external co ...

Reforms for a Formal and Prosperous Indonesia Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Acknowledgements T his report was prepared by the Poverty and Equity and the Macroeconomics, Trade, and Investment Glob- al Practices of the World Bank by a team that included Imam Setiawan (Economist), Samuel Nursamsu (Economist), Vinayak Alladi (Consultant), Christine Ablaza (Consultant), Dyah Pritadrajati (Consul- tant), Filip Jolevski (Economis ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WORLD BANK GROUP GENDER THEMATIC POLICY NOTES SERIES: EVIDENCE AND PRACTICE NOTE ADDRESSING PLURALISTIC IGNORANCE TO PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY ELIZABETH COSTENBADER, LORENA LEVANO GAVIDIA, ANA MARÍA MUÑOZ BOUDET ABSTRACT: Pluralistic ignorance is a social norms phenomenon in which people mistakenly believe that their personal preferences are not what most people around them support or prefer. Th ...