Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call on Liquid Cooling in China Industry Overview - The liquid cooling penetration rate in China is expected to rise to **35-50%** from the current **5%**, driven by government guidance on data center construction and the product requirements of new NVIDIA chips [1] - The coexistence of air cooling and liquid cooling is anticipated to continue, with air cooling maintaining a penetration rate of **50-60%** in the future, as only high-computing power GPUs require liquid cooling [1] Market Dynamics - In newly constructed AI Data Centers (AIDC), over **70%** of liquid cooling equipment is manufactured by domestic makers, with cooling distribution units (CDUs) primarily developed in collaboration between data center operators and cooling equipment suppliers [1] - The overseas market constitutes approximately **90%** of the global liquid cooling market, with Chinese manufacturers mainly supplying secondary side piping and manifolds [2] - Chinese cooling equipment makers are expected to see increased export opportunities due to better pricing and relationships with Chinese internet firms building AIDC in Southeast Asia [2] Cooling Technology Insights - Cold-plate cooling holds a market share of over **90%**, while immersion cooling is still in the trial stage with a **5-10%** market share [3] - The average data center construction cost allocates **50-60%** to the DC power supply system and **30-40%** to the cooling system, with liquid and air cooling each accounting for half of the cooling system costs [3] - The cooling system consumes only **10-30%** of the total power demand in data centers, with IT equipment being the primary consumer [3] - The expert believes that the demand for liquid cooling is mainly driven by the product requirements of advanced chips rather than government PUE requirements [3] Future Trends - The expert anticipates that immersion liquid cooling penetration will grow due to its simple design and lower risk of cooling liquid leakage and maintenance [3] - Upgrading existing air cooling systems to liquid cooling depends on the current cooling source, with pure air cooling systems facing challenges in upgrading [3] Conclusion - The liquid cooling market in China is poised for significant growth, driven by technological advancements and government support, while also facing challenges in international market penetration due to certification and cost barriers [2][3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the explosive growth in market demand for liquid cooling technology as a solution to the heat dissipation issues faced by data centers and computing equipment due to increased computing power density [1][3] - The liquid cooling server concept index has risen by 13.64% since August, with significant gains in component stocks such as Yingweike, which increased over 9%, and other companies like Tongfei Co., Shuguang, and Hongfuhan also showing notable increases [1] - Major companies like NVIDIA, Microsoft, Google, and Meta are heavily investing in the AI industry, accelerating the penetration of liquid cooling technology [3] Group 2 - IDC forecasts that the liquid cooling server market in China will reach a scale of $2.37 billion in 2024, representing a year-on-year growth of 67.0%, with cold plate solutions gaining market share [3] - The annual compound growth rate of the liquid cooling market is expected to be 46.8% from 2024 to 2029, with the market size projected to reach $16.2 billion by 2029 [3] - Companies like Feirongda are reporting impressive mid-year performance, with expected revenue of approximately 2.886 billion yuan and net profit between 155 million to 170 million yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 103.95% to 123.69% [3] - Cold plate liquid cooling is identified as the most mature and widely applied solution among the three types of liquid cooling technologies, which also include spray liquid cooling and immersion liquid cooling [3]

Investment Rating - The report rates the industry as "Outperforming the Market" [5] Core Insights - The high power consumption of AI chips is accelerating the adoption of liquid cooling technology, with cold plate solutions becoming mainstream in data centers [1] - Policy incentives and the demand for computing power are driving the rapid growth of the liquid cooling industry, with significant market potential anticipated by 2025 [2] - The penetration rate of liquid cooling technology is still in its early stages, but is expected to see rapid growth as high-power chips become more widely used [3] Summary by Sections Section 1: Industry Dynamics - The latest Blackwell Ultra chip from NVIDIA has a power consumption of 1.4kW, leading to a total rack power consumption of 120-130kW, making traditional air cooling inadequate [1] - Liquid cooling technology is projected to be adopted in over 50% of new data center projects by the end of 2025, driven by policies such as China's "East Data West Computing" initiative [2] Section 2: Market Growth - The Chinese liquid cooling server market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46.8% from 2024 to 2029, potentially reaching a market size of $16.2 billion by 2029 [2] - The global penetration rate of liquid cooling in data centers is currently around 10%, with expectations to rise to over 30% in China by 2025 [3] Section 3: Industry Opportunities - The increasing shipment of NVIDIA's Blackwell series chips is a key driver for the adoption of liquid cooling, with projections indicating that Blackwell will account for over 80% of high-end GPU shipments by 2025 [3] - The report highlights several companies involved in the liquid cooling supply chain, including Xiangxin Technology and Kexin New Source, as potential beneficiaries of this growth [3]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company's second quarter revenue was $500,000, with $300,000 from Acelsius and $200,000 from management fees of the Inventis ESG fund [24] - General and administrative expenses were approximately $18.6 million, down from $19.7 million in the prior quarter [26] - EBITDA for the quarter was a loss of approximately $135 million, with adjusted EBITDA showing an improvement to a loss of $16.2 million from a loss of $21.8 million in the first quarter [27] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Acelsius generated $300,000 in revenue, marking its continued growth in the data center liquid cooling market [24] - The company has engaged with its first hyperscaler for a proof of concept system, with expectations for further engagements [9][10] - The contracted go-to-market partner network has grown to 21, an increase of over 100% since the beginning of 2025 [11] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The data center liquid cooling market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by the increasing adoption of AI workloads [25] - A UBS analysis indicated that 100% of surveyed IT organizations plan to deploy AI workloads, with 14% already having done so [7] - Hyperscalers are projected to spend approximately $350 billion on data centers this year, with expectations to increase to $400 billion next year [47] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on establishing itself as a leader in the two-phase directed chip liquid cooling market, leveraging its differentiated technology [17] - The management emphasizes the importance of building relationships with key industry players, including hyperscalers and OEMs [9][10] - The company has plans to open a demonstration point in the Bay Area to showcase its technology [11] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's ability to deliver on growth expectations, citing increasing bookings and a shift towards larger production orders [36][38] - The management noted that the adoption cycle for their technology is progressing as expected, with early signs of traction in the market [39] - There is a strong belief that the company's operating model is underappreciated by the market, with significant value creation opportunities ahead [18] Other Important Information - The company issued convertible debentures totaling $30 million, improving its capital position [28] - The balance sheet showed an increase in cash to $12 million, up from $11.1 million at the end of the previous year [29] - The company is actively managing its cash flow and is focused on additional capital raises to support growth opportunities [31] Q&A Session Summary Question: Commentary on revenue growth inflection in the second half of the year - Management indicated that there has been significant activity and that bookings are expected to increase, reflecting traction at Acelsius [34][35] Question: Insights on the first hyperscaler proof of concept - Management confirmed that the initial proof of concept is a significant milestone and that successful trials could lead to large-scale orders [45][46] Question: Feedback on thermal simulation accuracy for AI workloads - Management explained that their thermal test vehicles allow for accurate simulations of high-density workloads at a fraction of the cost, with positive feedback from initial deployments [58][66]

Core Insights - The rapid growth in AI computing power is driving the demand for advanced cooling solutions, with liquid cooling becoming a necessary standard due to the limitations of traditional air cooling systems [1][14] - The period from 2025 to 2027 is identified as a critical window for technology penetration and performance realization in the liquid cooling market [1][14] Group 1: Cooling Demand and Technology Trends - The demand for cooling solutions is increasing due to the exponential growth in computing power driven by AI technologies, leading to significant rises in chip thermal design power [2][11] - Traditional air cooling is inadequate for high-power density data centers, with liquid cooling expected to see increased penetration as a result of its superior thermal management capabilities [5][12] - The cooling methods for data centers vary based on power density, with air cooling suitable for low-density centers and liquid cooling becoming essential for high-density environments [6] Group 2: Market Growth and Projections - The global data center capacity using liquid cooling is projected to increase significantly, with net additions expected to reach 2.82 GW by 2025 and 9.10 GW by 2028, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 47.78% [11] - The liquid cooling market in China is forecasted to grow from 149.8 billion yuan to 347.4 billion yuan between 2025 and 2027, with an overall CAGR of 52.3% [12][14] - The market for newly constructed liquid cooling systems is expected to grow from 11.69 billion yuan in 2025 to 30.51 billion yuan by 2027, with a CAGR of 61.6% [12] Group 3: Industry Ecosystem - The liquid cooling industry ecosystem includes upstream component suppliers, midstream IT equipment manufacturers, and downstream users such as telecom operators and third-party IDC service providers [8] - Key components in the liquid cooling supply chain include quick disconnects, cooling distribution units, and various cooling liquids and systems [8] Group 4: Investment Opportunities - Companies such as Inspur (曙光数创), High Cloud (高澜股份), and others are positioned to benefit from the growth in the liquid cooling market, driven by the increasing demand for efficient cooling solutions in data centers [14]

Summary of Liquid Cooling Market Research Industry Overview - The liquid cooling market is driven by the growth in AI chip power consumption and shipment volumes, as well as the development of complete cabinet solutions [2][4] - The market potential for liquid cooling in AI chips is estimated to reach hundreds of billions of RMB with approximately 10 million AI chips utilizing liquid cooling [2][4] Key Insights - **Value Breakdown**: - Single chip liquid cooling value is approximately 2,000 to 3,000 RMB, while single cabinet liquid cooling value ranges from 300,000 to 600,000 RMB depending on the model [2][6] - The total market space for 100,000 ML72 cabinets could reach 500 to 600 billion RMB [6] - **Components of Liquid Cooling Systems**: - Liquid cooling systems are divided into primary (external data center equipment) and secondary (internal server equipment) sides [2][7] - Key components include: - Cold plates (30-40% of value) - Quick disconnect couplings (QDC) (10-20% of value, highest profit margin of 50-60%) - Central Distribution Unit (CDU) (10-20% of value, profit margin around 30%) - Manifold and piping (approximately 10% of value) [7][12] - **Material and Cost**: - Cold plates are primarily made of copper, with CPU cold plates valued at around 500 RMB and GPU cold plates at about 1,000 RMB [10] - Domestic quick disconnect couplings are valued at approximately 600 RMB, while overseas they can reach 1,300 RMB [11] - CDU costs about 1,000 RMB per kW domestically and 200-240 USD per kW internationally [11][12] Market Dynamics - The growth of the liquid cooling industry is primarily driven by the increasing power consumption of chips and cabinets [4][6] - Not all chips require liquid cooling; traditional air cooling remains viable for many [4] - Future advancements in cooling technology, such as phase change or immersion cooling, may significantly increase the value contribution of liquid cooling systems [5][13] Additional Considerations - The primary side of the cooling system is mature and competitive, involving equipment like dry coolers and cooling towers [5][9] - The choice of cooling equipment depends on the climate and water resources of the data center's location [9] - The liquid types currently used are mainly water-based solutions, but future innovations may introduce more advanced fluids, enhancing system value [13]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Modine reported a 3% increase in first-quarter sales, driven primarily by growth in the Climate Solutions segment [24] - Adjusted EBITDA margin was 14.9%, down 40 basis points from the prior year, attributed to lower Performance Technologies volume and new investments in Climate Solutions [25] - Adjusted earnings per share was $1.06, a 2% increase compared to the previous year [27] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Climate Solutions segment revenue increased by 11%, with adjusted EBITDA improving by 10% and an adjusted EBITDA margin of 20% [17] - Data center sales grew by $24 million or 15% from the prior year, driven by higher sales in North America [17] - Performance Technologies revenues decreased by 8%, with adjusted EBITDA declining by 14% and adjusted EBITDA margin decreasing to 13.1% [12][22] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - North America data center business is experiencing extraordinary demand, with expectations to approach $2 billion in revenues by fiscal 2028 [9] - The company anticipates a significant acceleration in data center sales in the second half of the fiscal year, with expected growth of over 80% [31] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company has completed three strategic acquisitions this fiscal year to enhance its manufacturing capacity and product offerings [4] - Modine is focusing on organic growth in the data center business while also pursuing inorganic growth through acquisitions [4][7] - The company aims to maintain a balanced portfolio with strong organic growth in data centers and complementary solutions in HVAC technologies [4] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in raising revenue and earnings outlook for fiscal 2026 due to strong market demand and recent acquisitions [4] - The Performance Technologies segment is navigating tough market conditions, with expectations of continued challenges in vehicular markets [12] - Management highlighted the importance of strategic partnerships and innovation in meeting evolving customer demands in the data center segment [11] Other Important Information - The company plans to invest an additional $100 million in capital expenditures over the next 12 to 18 months to support growth [33] - Modine's net debt increased by $123 million compared to the prior fiscal year end, primarily due to recent acquisitions [28] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you talk about the magnitude of unabsorbed cost in the Climate business related to the DC build-out? - Management indicated that core capacity will convert at good margins, while incremental capital investments may convert at a lower rate due to added resources for engineering support [39] Question: How should we think about the fiscal 2027 data center revenue target? - Management suggested a straight-line approach for estimating fiscal 2027 revenue, trending towards a billion this fiscal year [41] Question: Will margins improve in the second half of the year? - Management expects total company margins to improve, driven mainly by Performance Technologies, with significant growth anticipated in the second half [45] Question: Can you provide clarity on capacity expansion and expected returns? - Management confirmed high returns on investment for capacity expansion, estimating over 40% return on invested capital [57] Question: What is the visibility on demand and capacity for the data center business? - Management stated they have visibility extending beyond a year, with commitments from customers driving the need for additional capacity [70] Question: Can you provide updates on divestiture processes? - Management mentioned ongoing efforts to sell the European headquarters and plans to exit the light-duty business, with expected closure later this year [76][77] Question: Are you expanding data center service capabilities alongside production? - Management confirmed that they are building out service capabilities to support the growth in equipment sales [101] Question: What is the outlook for future acquisitions? - Management indicated a pause on acquisitions for a couple of quarters to digest recent acquisitions and focus on data center expansion [98]

Core Insights - Accelsius has experienced significant growth in the first half of 2025, marked by a five-fold increase in data center deployments and expansion into international markets [1][5][9] - The company has achieved industry-leading thermal performance with its NeuCool technology, capable of cooling up to 4,500W per GPU socket, addressing the demands of next-generation AI workloads [2][4][10] - Accelsius has doubled its product portfolio, introducing the MR250 multi-rack Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU) to meet the growing needs of hyperscale and AI infrastructure [13][14] Industry Trends - The data center industry is undergoing a transformation due to the increasing demands of AI infrastructure, necessitating advanced cooling solutions [2][4] - Traditional cooling methods are becoming inadequate as rack densities approach 600kW configurations, highlighting the need for innovative technologies like those offered by Accelsius [2][4] Product and Technology Developments - Accelsius successfully demonstrated its cooling technology by maintaining GPU temperatures below NVIDIA's thermal throttle limits in a 250kW rack of AI servers [3][4] - The NeuGuard program was launched to enhance cooling reliability for AI and advanced computing deployments, offering coverage for internal damage caused by leaks [11][12] Strategic Partnerships and Market Expansion - The company has established key partnerships in Europe and entered the Canadian market, enhancing its international presence [5][8][9] - Collaborations with major players like Equinix and Nordik Data Centers are set to bolster Accelsius's market position and facilitate the development of next-generation AI data centers [7][8] Sustainability and Energy Efficiency - Accelsius's technology can operate with facility water temperatures 6-8°C higher than competitors, leading to over 25% cooling energy savings and supporting sustainability goals [4][10]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the penetration rate of liquid cooling in data centers is expected to increase rapidly due to the accelerated shipment of next-generation high-performance computing chips, leading to significant growth in orders for liquid cooling infrastructure suppliers [1] - The trend towards liquid cooling in data centers is driven by the limitations of traditional air cooling in high power density environments, with liquid cooling offering advantages such as high specific heat capacity, high thermal conductivity, low noise, high stability, and smaller footprint [1][2] - The liquid cooling infrastructure market is projected to grow significantly, with estimates indicating that the domestic data center total power will increase from 35.5 GW in 2024 to 68.8 GW in 2027, and the global liquid cooling infrastructure market is expected to grow from approximately 11.08 billion yuan in 2024 to 26.34 billion yuan in 2027 [4] Group 2 - The liquid cooling penetration rate in the data center sector is currently low, with only about 5% of server shipments being liquid-cooled servers, but it is anticipated to rise to 30-40% within the next 3-5 years [3] - High R&D investment intensity has created competitive barriers in the liquid cooling infrastructure industry, with leading companies like Invec maintaining a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 32.6% in R&D expenses from 2021 to 2024 [2] - The industry faces challenges in customer certification and procurement inertia, making clients cautious about introducing new suppliers [2]

Group 1 - The overall Server market is stabilizing, with ODMs focusing on AI Server development, and it is expected that Blackwell GPUs will account for over 80% of NVIDIA's high-end GPU shipments this year [1] - North American CSP giant Oracle is expanding its AI data center, benefiting companies like Supermicro and Quanta, with Supermicro's growth driven by AI Server projects [2] - Liquid cooling solutions are becoming a standard configuration for high-performance AI data centers, with increasing adoption rates for high-end AI chips [3] Group 2 - Liquid cooling will significantly boost the demand for cooling components, accelerating the supply chain's output pace, with companies like Fositek and Auras actively engaging in the liquid cooling market [5] - Fositek has begun shipping components for the GB300 platform, while Auras is establishing itself in the liquid cooling market with major clients including Oracle and Supermicro [5]