Core Viewpoint - The third Civil Aviation Science and Technology Innovation Achievement Exhibition showcased advanced flying vehicles, including flying cars and eVTOLs, highlighting innovations aimed at addressing urban congestion and enhancing short-distance travel efficiency [1][2][3]. Group 1: Flying Cars - The GOVY AirCar features a dual-structure design with an autonomous car and a flying vehicle, capable of reducing urban commute times from one hour to just 15 minutes [1]. - The GOVY AirJet, a high-performance flying car, can reach speeds of up to 250 km/h and facilitate intercity travel within 40 minutes across the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area [1][2]. - High safety measures are implemented in these flying cars, including a perception system that can identify small objects from 100 meters away, and the use of high-density liquid lithium-ion batteries [2]. Group 2: eVTOLs - The M1 eVTOL developed by Shanghai Yufeng Future Aviation Technology can carry five passengers, has a maximum load of 700 kg, and a cruising speed of 200 km/h with a range of 250 km [2][3]. - The M1 is designed for urban commuting and intercity connections, significantly reducing travel times from 2-3 hours to just 15-30 minutes [3]. - By 2030, the M1 is expected to establish fixed passenger routes, contributing to a three-dimensional transportation network [3]. Group 3: Industry Developments - EHang's EH216-S, a passenger drone, has begun commercial operations in Hefei, primarily for tourism, marking a significant step in China's low-altitude economy [4]. - EHang has established over 20 operational demonstration points across 16 cities in China, aiming to provide eVTOL flight services to the public [4]. - The exhibition serves as a platform for promoting innovation in civil aviation, focusing on the integration of education, technology, and talent within the industry [5].

据最新一期《自然·材料》报道，美国罗格斯大学新不伦瑞克分校团队发现了一类新型材料——晶间。 这类材料展现出一种此前未被发现的电子特性，可能为更高效的电子元件、量子计算以及环保材料的发 展带来突破。 这项发现依托于现代物理学中的"扭曲电子学"技术，即通过以特定角度扭曲二维材料层来形成摩尔纹结 构，从而改变材料内部电子的行为。这些特殊的结构配置可产生常规晶体中无法实现的新奇物理特性。 晶间材料的特性可能导致一系列新颖和异常的物理现象，例如超导性和磁性。它还有望用于低能耗电子 器件和原子级传感器，在量子计算机的构建中发挥关键作用，并能为新一代消费电子产品提供动力。未 来还有望设计出完整的电子电路，其中每一项功能，如开关、传感、信号传输等，都可以通过调节原子 级别的几何结构来实现，晶间材料或将成为这类未来技术的核心基础。 扭一扭，新功能都有。科学家把两层超薄石墨烯叠在一起，让其中一层轻微扭动，如同把两张纱网错开 叠放，形成波纹图案，这改变了材料内部电子的运动方式，使其具有"超能力"。这种材料既像普通晶 体，又像准晶体，于是被称为"晶间"。只需调整原子排列结构，就能控制电子行为。科学家设想，用这 种材料设计原子级电路， ...

Core Insights - The development of a new diamond quantum biosensor by the research team at the University of Chicago aims to track cellular changes and enable early detection of diseases like cancer, representing a cutting-edge research direction in the field [1][2] Group 1: Technology and Innovation - The new biosensor can successfully penetrate cells and is more stable and sensitive than previous versions [1] - The sensor's quantum bits maintain coherence even in small particles that can be absorbed by cells, addressing a long-standing issue in the field [1] - Inspired by quantum dot technology used in QLED TVs, the team applied a special shell to the diamond sensor to enhance its performance by suppressing harmful surface effects [1][2] Group 2: Performance Improvements - The new sensor exhibits a fourfold increase in spin coherence, an 1.8 times increase in fluorescence intensity, and significantly improved charge stability [2] - The protective shell not only safeguards the sensor but also facilitates the transfer of electrons from the diamond to the shell layer, enhancing the sensor's performance by reducing interference with quantum signals [2] Group 3: Interdisciplinary Research - This achievement integrates research from cell biology, quantum science, and materials science, addressing the performance drop of diamond quantum sensors at the nanoscale [2] - The advancements open new avenues for applying quantum sensing technology in biomedical fields [2]

Group 1 - The average price of CT equipment has decreased from 30 million to 10 million yuan, raising questions about whether service fees should also be reduced [1] - The guidelines issued by the National Medical Insurance Administration clarify that bedside X-ray photography can only charge once for multiple body parts during the same examination [1] - The guidelines aim to promote reasonable pricing for medical services, helping patients access high-quality and affordable healthcare [1] Group 2 - The previous uniform pricing for different types of examinations, such as cardiac MRI and other body parts, has been criticized for not reflecting the varying technical difficulties and time requirements [2] - The guidelines allow for separate pricing for more complex and time-consuming examinations, enabling hospitals to allocate medical resources more effectively [2] - The shift from physical film to electronic film in medical imaging has been facilitated by the guidelines, which also require hospitals to upload data for better efficiency [2] Group 3 - The guidelines have introduced over 100 new pricing items for innovative medical technologies and equipment, such as boron neutron capture therapy [4] - The introduction of a 5.0T MRI, which significantly improves early detection rates for diseases, is part of the new pricing structure [4] - The guidelines emphasize clinical significance over technical indicators when setting prices, allowing new technologies that meet clinical needs to reach patients more effectively [4]

通过调节X射线脉冲的延迟时间，或改变压力和温度条件，研究团队进行了多次实验，从而获得了大量 实验数据，并将无数张快照组合成一部"原子电影"。测量结果显示，液态碳的微观结构与固态钻石相 似，每个碳原子周围都有4个最近邻原子。 研究团队强调，最新研究不仅首次通过实验揭开了液态碳的神秘面纱，验证了理论模拟的预测，还精确 测定了碳的熔点范围。这些关键数据对于行星内部建模和核聚变技术研发都具有重要价值。最新研究也 开创了极端条件下物质研究的新纪元。 液态碳存在于行星内部深处，同时在未来核聚变等技术中具有重要应用前景。然而，由于研究条件极其 苛刻，科学家对液态碳的认识一直非常有限。在常压下，碳不会熔化，而是直接升华成气态；只有在约 4500摄氏度和极端高压下，碳才会液化，但常规实验容器根本无法承受如此极端的环境。 激光压缩技术可通过高能激光，在纳秒量级时间内将固体碳瞬间液化，但其挑战在于如何在这个转瞬即 逝的液态瞬间展开测量。为此，研究团队巧妙地将强大的激光压缩技术、超快X射线分析技术以及大面 积X射线探测三项尖端技术相结合。 实验过程中，DIPOLE100-X激光器产生的高能脉冲驱动压缩波穿过固体碳样品，使材料在极短时 ...

今天的某些生物仍然保留着这种古老特征的"活证据"。鲨鱼、鳐鱼和鲶鱼身上也有类似牙齿的结 构，叫小齿，这使它们的皮肤摸起来就像砂纸一样。 大约在4.65亿年前的奥陶纪，早期脊椎鱼类全身覆盖着坚硬的铠甲。这些甲胄上布满微小的凸起结 构，内部含有类似牙本质的组织。科学家推测，这些结构能感知周围水流的压力、温度的变化，甚至能 探测到靠近的掠食者，就像一套"水下雷达系统"。 有趣的是，类似的"雷达系统"也出现在无脊椎动物身上，比如寒武纪（4.85亿至5.4亿年前）的节肢 动物（类似今天的螃蟹和虾）。这表明，尽管脊椎动物和无脊椎动物在演化上走上了不同的路线，但它 们独立发展出了相似的感知结构，以应对远古海洋的生存挑战。 科学家开始搞这项研究，可不是为了寻找牙齿的起源，而是想解答一个长期存在的古生物学难题： 化石记录里最早的脊椎动物是啥？ 科学家向各地的博物馆要了寒武纪的化石标本，打算用CT扫描找找脊椎动物特征的明显迹象。在 扫描一块平平无奇的化石时，他们发现了一些疑似牙本质的结构。进一步分析发现，这些结构其实更接 近现代节肢动物甲壳上的感知器，即一种帮助螃蟹、昆虫等动物感知周围环境的微小器官。 这一误打误撞的发现，反而揭 ...

"这是对国家的深厚情感和责任感的真实写照。"孙昌璞认为，当前环境下，如何将个人发展与国家 需要相结合，已经成为科技工作者面临的重要实践问题。面对国际形势的风云变幻，科技工作者应该传 承弘扬好科学家精神，像投身"两弹一星"攻关的老一辈科学家一样，急国家之所急，面向国家重大需求 解决实际问题，而不是简单地追求发表论文。 在谈及如何正确处理理论和实验的关系时，孙昌璞在报告中讲了周光召指导胡思得院士的故事。 1963年，胡思得即将前往基地做实验，周光召特地找他谈话，谈论理论和实验的关系。 胡思得曾回忆："周光召跟我说，这次你要去基地搞实验了，搞科学工作的，重要的是不要放过理 论或实验中存在的任何疑点。理论和实验如果能够一致，当然很高兴，但如果理论和实验有不一致的地 方，一定要抓住，把问题搞清楚，因为从这种地方会发现理论或实验的不足，有可能产生新的突破，这 样就推动了科学的前进，而且自己也可以成为有作为的科学家。" 到2025年底，将累计有517位中国科学院院士迎来百年诞辰。他们之中，有"两弹一星"元勋、国家 最高科学技术奖获得者，还有一大批我国各学科领域的开拓者和奠基人。5月25日，由中国科学院学部 科学道德建设委员 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant "cascade decrement" issue in the management of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes in rural areas of China, where patients progressively drop out during screening, diagnosis, and control processes [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - A study conducted by teams from Peking Union Medical College and Nanchang University involved surveys of 7,488 villagers aged 35 to 74 in rural areas of Shandong, Henan, and Wugang, revealing a large population of patients with hypertension and diabetes facing severe management issues [1] - The research indicates that there is a serious disconnect in the management chain for these chronic diseases, leading to patient attrition [1] Group 2: Recommendations for Improvement - To facilitate chronic disease management for rural patients, it is essential to establish a "cognitive staircase" to improve awareness, as many patients lack proper understanding of their conditions [2] - Strengthening the capabilities of grassroots healthcare facilities through skill training, equipment provision, and ensuring follow-up care is crucial for building a solid service foundation [2] - Implementing digital tools such as electronic health records, remote monitoring devices, and mobile health technologies can provide continuous and standardized care for chronic disease patients without requiring hospital visits [2] Group 3: Future Directions - The research team plans to conduct pilot interventions based on identified key points and weaknesses in chronic disease management, focusing on health education, enhancing grassroots service capabilities, and promoting the use of electronic health tools [2] - The study aims to contribute to improving chronic disease management in rural areas and explore practical paths, strategies, and effective interventions [2]

此外，该团队目前已经研发出全球首个第四代溶瘤病毒VG201。经初步验证，VG201的复制能力较 VG161增强了近百倍，即使在外周血中遭遇中和抗体，仍能高效抵达肿瘤并增殖，而且其可实现临床给 药方式由瘤内注射向静脉注射的迭代。 "相关研究为克服肿瘤细胞耐药性开辟了全新的路径，展现了溶瘤病毒在肿瘤免疫治疗中的巨大潜 力。"梁廷波表示，作为肿瘤免疫疗法的重要方向之一，溶瘤病毒对正常组织影响小，对晚期肿瘤仍然 有效，理论上可防癌症复发。 "溶瘤病毒是一类能选择性地感染并杀死肿瘤细胞，同时不损伤正常细胞的天然或重组病毒。运用 溶瘤病毒治疗癌症是一种新型的免疫疗法。"梁廷波说，近年来，溶瘤病毒治疗领域呈现出显著的代际 演进特征。第一代溶瘤病毒主要依赖病毒自身的裂解效应，但因缺乏外源性基因修饰，使得全身抗肿瘤 免疫应答不足。而第二代溶瘤病毒引入了单一免疫刺激因子增强局部免疫激活，但整体的抗肿瘤免疫刺 激能力相对较弱。相比之下，以VG161为代表的第三代溶瘤病毒通过创新性地整合多个免疫协同刺激因 子，实现抗肿瘤免疫环路的多靶点调控，显著提升了系统性抗肿瘤效应。科研人员通过改造病毒基因， 拔去病毒"毒牙"，为第三代溶瘤病毒V ...

Core Insights - The research reveals that metabolic factors, particularly gut health, play a significant role in the development of osteoarthritis, challenging the traditional view that it is primarily caused by local mechanical factors [1][2][3] - The study indicates a notable difference in gut microbiota composition and key metabolites between osteoarthritis patients and healthy individuals, suggesting a potential new direction for treatment [3][4] Group 1: Osteoarthritis Overview - Osteoarthritis is characterized by degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain, deformity, and functional impairment, significantly affecting patients' quality of life [2] - As of 2021, approximately 606 million people globally suffer from osteoarthritis, with around 152 million cases in China, reflecting a prevalence rate of 10.8% [2] Group 2: Research Findings - The research team conducted a large-scale study involving 4,080 community residents aged 50 and above, revealing a link between bile acid metabolism and osteoarthritis, influenced by gut microbiota [3][4] - A significant reduction in the abundance of specific gut bacteria (Bacteroides) was observed in osteoarthritis patients, correlating with abnormal bile acid metabolism [4][5] Group 3: Treatment Implications - The study suggests that supplementation with bile acids or GLP-1 analogs can significantly alleviate cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis models, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway [5] - The findings highlight GLP-1 as a crucial mediator between gut health and joint protection, opening avenues for new treatment strategies [5] Group 4: Broader Implications of Gut Microbiota - Gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to various diseases, including depression, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of gut health in overall well-being [6][7] - The gut microbiome plays a critical role in immune regulation and systemic inflammation, with imbalances potentially leading to increased risks of autoimmune diseases and infections [7]