第一问：当前流行的是哪种变体？ 与引发大流行的原型株相比，新冠病毒已经在关键位点发生了很大变化，它先后演化出阿尔法 近段时间，新冠病毒感染出现一个"小高峰"，中国疾控中心发布数据显示，5月初门急诊流感样病例 中，新冠病毒阳性样本占16.2%，与4月初7.5%的比例相比，呈现翻倍式增长。 知名艺人也因感染新冠病毒将演唱会延期，引发人们热议。此次新冠病毒传播会持续多久？公众应该如 何应对？就这些问题，科技日报记者5月19日对相关专家进行了采访。 当前有多种病原体可诱发发烧、咳嗽、流涕等症状，多种急性呼吸道病原体的检测阳性率在特定人群中 仍有分布，如何在多种病原体中迅速分辨是否感染新冠病毒，助力对症治疗？ 华大基因相关人员向记者表示，当前的测序手段已经能够对不同呼吸道病毒进行精准分析和分型。例 如，通过对呼吸道感染者进行靶向测序，可以对包括新冠在内的232种呼吸道病原体和耐药毒力基因进 行检测，为患者提供全面鉴别诊断和混合感染识别。 国内已经具备了丰富的检测确诊工具，不仅能够实现15分钟快速检测，也可以精准甄别包括新冠在内的 多种呼吸道病毒。例如，华大基因的新冠病毒抗原快速检测试剂盒（胶体金法）能在15分钟内快速给 ...

Core Viewpoint - The launch of the HarmonyOS-based personal computer (PC) in Chengdu marks a significant breakthrough for China's independent and controllable computer operating system, positioning HarmonyOS as a potential global leader in the PC operating system market [2][6]. Group 1: Product Launch and Market Position - The first HarmonyOS PC was officially released on May 19, indicating a major advancement in domestic operating systems for personal computers [2]. - Huawei aims to achieve a shipment volume of 4.3 million units in the Chinese PC market by 2024, potentially ranking second [2]. - HarmonyOS is expected to become one of the top three global computer operating systems, reflecting the rapid rise of domestic operating systems [2]. Group 2: Technical Advancements - The development of the HarmonyOS PC involved over 10,000 engineers and more than 20 research institutes over five years, resulting in over 2,700 core patents [3]. - The architecture of the HarmonyOS PC integrates software, hardware, and cloud services, significantly enhancing computer performance [3]. - The system incorporates artificial intelligence and smart interaction features, providing a smoother user experience [3]. - A microkernel design reduces high-risk vulnerabilities by over 50%, enhancing privacy and data security [3]. Group 3: Ecosystem and Developer Engagement - HarmonyOS PC enables deep integration between mobile and PC ecosystems, with over 2,000 integrated applications expected by the end of the year [4]. - The platform offers a complete application migration and development path, increasing its attractiveness to developers, especially for enterprise applications [4]. - The addition of HarmonyOS PC completes a crucial part of the ecosystem, facilitating a full-scene intelligent experience across various industries [5]. Group 4: Industry Impact and Future Outlook - The release of HarmonyOS PC disrupts the long-standing duopoly of Windows and macOS in the PC operating system market [6]. - This development signifies a milestone in China's digital technology evolution, showcasing the country's capability to build a complete information technology system [6]. - The promotion of HarmonyOS PC is expected to accelerate the development of related hardware sectors, fostering collaborative innovation [6]. - The breakthrough in core technologies is essential for achieving autonomous control in the industry, supported by Huawei's significant R&D investments [7].

Core Viewpoint - NASA celebrates the 35th anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope, highlighting its significant contributions to space science and its ongoing relevance despite plans for a successor [4][6]. Group 1: Hubble's Achievements - Hubble has transformed human understanding of the universe, providing vivid images and numerous scientific breakthroughs since its launch in 1990 [4]. - The telescope has conducted nearly 1.7 million observations of approximately 55,000 astronomical targets, leading to over 22,000 published papers with more than 1.3 million citations [8]. - Hubble's unique ability to capture ultraviolet light allows it to observe celestial phenomena that ground-based telescopes cannot, achieving ten times the clarity of traditional ground-based observations [7]. Group 2: Current Status and Popularity - Despite being operational for 35 years, Hubble remains one of the most sought-after astronomical instruments, with the number of scientists applying for observation time being six times greater than the available slots [8]. - Hubble's data archive exceeds 400 terabytes, showcasing its extensive contributions to astronomical research [8]. Group 3: Future Considerations - Hubble is currently beyond its intended operational lifespan, with the last maintenance mission conducted 16 years ago, raising concerns about its future viability [9]. - NASA faces budget constraints, with funding expected to decrease significantly, complicating any potential maintenance or operational extension for Hubble [10].

科技日报记者 刘园园 记者5月19日从中国电气装备集团获悉，该集团所属河南平高电气股份有限公司（以下简称平高电气） 联合多家合作单位共同研制的国际首台特高压换流变压器防爆燃用550千伏旁路触发间隙装置成功通过 长时通流压力耐受试验。至此，该产品已顺利通过全部试验考核，标志着特高压电网亚毫秒级超高速旁 路保护装置研制成功，填补了国际空白。 "换流变压器是特高压直流工程的关键设备。变压器在发生内部短路故障时，油中高能电弧会短时产生 大量高温高压油气，巨大冲击力易导致壳体、套管开裂，进而引发高温油气爆燃，成为影响电网安全而 亟待解决的突出难题。"平高电气装备研究院高压开关技术研究所主任工程师孙清超介绍，防止换流变 压器故障引发爆裂起火是个世界性难题，通过高速旁路触发间隙技术快速转移熄灭换流变内部电弧是有 效的解决方案。 为攻克这一难题，平高电气邀请电力行业专家进行技术方案评估论证，并联合多家单位、院校成立了 产、学、研、验、用攻关团队。团队先后突破了双极接续等离子体喷射导通、自磁场旋弧控制、大电流 电弧抗烧蚀及快速绝缘恢复、双冗余测控系统等核心技术，成功研制了550千伏旁路触发间隙装置。 "该产品采用了单断口结构和 ...

5月15日，工业和信息化部举行"推进科技服务业高质量发展"新闻发布会，工业和信息化部科技司司长 魏巍介绍了我国科技服务业的最新进展：规模持续保持较快增长，2019年至2023年，规上科技服务业企 业营收年均增长12.3%。2024年，全国技术合同成交额达到6.8万亿元，同比增长11.2%，连续8年保持两 位数增长。 "我国科技服务业经过多年快速发展，已经到了量的快速增长和质的有效提升并举的发展阶段。"魏巍在 会上表示，下一步将培育一批科技服务龙头企业，提升全链条科技服务能力，建设一批科技服务业集聚 区，构建科技服务业发展生态体系，更加有力地支撑科技创新和产业创新深度融合。 企业孵化服务作为科技服务业的重要内容，是科技创新链条中的重要一环。 吕先志介绍，我国孵化器自1987年发展至今，走出一条独具特色的发展道路。从企业培育看，累计孵化 上市（挂牌）企业超过5000家，科创板上市企业中三分之一为孵化器培育企业，走出科大讯飞、大疆、 寒武纪等一批科技领军企业，"杭州六小龙"中有一半经过孵化器培育。 吕先志表示，工业和信息化部将围绕支撑科技创新和产业创新融合发展，从政策支持、梯度培育、标准 引领、金融协同四个方面加力 ...

当前，我国生成式人工智能产业发展迅速，相关企业数量已经超过4500家。然而，生成式人工智能与实 体经济融合的深度和广度仍有待提升，其巨大潜力尚未充分释放。究其原因，一方面在于生成式人工智 能技术本身仍处于快速发展期，成熟度有待提高；另一方面，不同产业因其自身特性和发展阶段的差 异，对生成式人工智能技术的需求呈现显著差异。为此，提升生成式人工智能技术的通用性和适用性、 推动科技创新与产业创新深度融合成为当务之急。 二是商业转化临界点尚未到来，行业落地较为缓慢。当前，生成式人工智能技术大规模商业化应用的路 径不畅，在算力资源紧张与训练成本高企的背景下，企业在实际部署中对生成式人工智能创新的投入回 报比不够理想，不同产业类型的生成式人工智能商业落地路径呈现出明显梯度。传统产业整体数字化水 平有限，模型与业务系统之间数据集成基础薄弱，短期内难以形成规模效应；新兴产业在部分场景中已 实现探索性应用，但普遍仍处于"点状突破、多点未及"的阶段；而未来产业由于具备更高的成本容忍度 与对颠覆式创新的开放态度，被认为是生成式人工智能最具战略潜力的应用场景，但产业落地的不确定 因素更多。根据行业特点发挥科技金融等政策工具的分类施策 ...

Core Insights - The digital reading industry is experiencing significant growth, with user numbers expected to reach 670 million in 2024 and total revenue projected at 66.141 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 16.65% [3] Group 1: Industry Trends - The cultural industry is expanding in scale, integrating across sectors, and upgrading consumption patterns, driven by policy guidance and market demand [3] - Digital reading has transitioned from a niche choice to a part of daily life for a wide demographic, creating a comprehensive reading ecosystem [3] - The variety of digital reading content is increasing, leading to a robust industry structure characterized by large scale, wide coverage, long supply chains, and strong innovation capabilities [3] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The integration of AI technology is seen as essential for the reading industry, with companies like Huawei developing innovations such as eye-tracking page-turning technology [5] - The digital reading sector is shifting from scale expansion to value deepening, leveraging AI and 5G technology to enhance content production efficiency and quality [6] - AI tools are improving writing efficiency but also pose challenges such as plagiarism and copyright infringement, necessitating a balance between innovation and protection [6] Group 3: Quality and Content Management - The rise of digital reading has led to increased fragmentation in reading habits, prompting calls for improved quality control and content curation by platforms and companies [4] - Establishing robust mechanisms for recommending high-quality content is essential to provide readers with better choices [4] - The industry faces challenges related to copyright protection and the need for high-quality content creation to sustain the digital reading ecosystem [6]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of talent in driving high-quality development, highlighting the efforts of Gaoyou City in Jiangsu Province to attract and retain talent through innovative strategies and policies [1][2]. Group 1: Talent Attraction Strategies - Gaoyou City has established six talent "stations" to facilitate the recruitment of talent, focusing on integrating talent with industry needs [1]. - The city has implemented a "monthly talent consultation" system to identify and address the talent and technology needs of local enterprises, resulting in the identification of 125 talent needs and 82 technology needs in 2024 [2]. - Collaborative efforts with institutions like the Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities aim to engage top talent in key technological challenges in emerging industries [2]. Group 2: Talent Retention Initiatives - Gaoyou City emphasizes the importance of both policies and services in retaining high-quality talent, providing tailored entrepreneurial services and financial support [4]. - The city has developed a "three-package-one" service mechanism to enhance the integration of talent with local enterprises, ensuring efficient cooperation [4]. - Financial products and support mechanisms are in place to assist talent at various stages of their development, including securing funding and facilitating business growth [4].

Group 1 - The event showcased over 30 scientific experiments covering various disciplines such as photochemistry, bionic materials, low-temperature physics, and laser technology [1] - The theme of the event was "Inquire with Science, Ignite a New Future," highlighting its role as a significant platform for public engagement with science [3] - The event has been held annually since 2005, evolving into a nationwide brand for science popularization with high participation and social impact [3] Group 2 - Interactive activities included a 3D visualization project for protein structures and a treasure hunt game for children to learn science [2] - Public engagement was enhanced through hands-on experiences, such as assembling batteries and understanding targeted drug models [2] - Prominent scientists, including academicians, participated in lectures and discussions, sharing cutting-edge research and inspiring youth to pursue scientific careers [2][3]

Core Insights - The 12306 team, consisting of 231 young engineers, has been recognized for their contributions to optimizing China's largest real-time ticketing system, particularly through innovative features like "reserve ticketing" and "age-friendly services" [1][3] - The team has significantly improved system performance, reducing ticket query response time from 15 seconds to 0.2 seconds and passenger verification time to 1.5 seconds, while also achieving a cumulative sale of 18.5 billion electronic tickets by the end of 2024 [3][8] Group 1 - The 12306 system faced a critical challenge during the 2012 Spring Festival, with access exceeding 1.4 billion visits, prompting a complete overhaul of the system architecture by the young engineers [2][3] - The team has developed various technologies, including the PSR model for passenger service records and a self-developed intelligent scheduling algorithm, enhancing the system's capacity to handle large volumes of traffic [3][4] - The team has also implemented a facial recognition feature to streamline the ticketing process, achieving a peak usage rate of over 1,300 people per second during the 2024 Spring Festival [4][5] Group 2 - The 12306 team has successfully adapted their ticketing solutions for international markets, such as the LCR Ticket for the China-Laos Railway, which accommodates local user habits and languages [7][8] - The team has faced cultural and technical challenges while implementing ticketing systems for projects like the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, emphasizing the importance of local adaptation [7][8] - The cumulative service of the ticketing systems for the China-Laos Railway and the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway has reached 47.74 million passengers [8]