原标题：破解软化机制 打赢苹果"硬仗" 胡大刚团队的这一研究首次发现了非共生血红蛋白MdHb1催化原果胶向可溶性果胶转化，从而揭 开果实软化的关键机制。同时，团队首次鉴定了D-GlcA和D-GalUA为苹果软化的标志代谢物。此外， 团队还首次揭示了D-GlcA和D-GalUA介导的转录因子MdMYB2/MdNAC14/MdNTL9-MdHb1模块在果实 软化中的负反馈调控作用。 胡大刚表示，上述研究成果能为精准调控果实品质、延长水果保鲜期提供全新靶点。 《自然·植物》评审专家认为，研究通过多层次创新，突破了果实软化机制的固有认知，实现了从 关键基因、代谢标志物到调控网络的全链条解析，兼具科学价值与应用潜力。这一成果不仅为苹果采后 保鲜技术研发提供了理论依据，也为其他园艺作物的品质改良研究开辟了新思路。 10余年来，胡大刚团队初步解析了葡萄糖信号调控苹果色泽的分子机制，构建了山梨醇、硝酸盐和 乙烯调控苹果果实酸度的调控网络，挖掘了调控苹果果实硬度的新的靶基因和关键代谢物。基于这些苹 果果实品质理论研究成果，胡大刚团队已经初步构建了苹果果实品质调控的遗传密码图，为苹果产业的 可持续发展贡献了力量。（记者 王延斌） ...

Group 1 - The exhibition "Youth Song - National College Students' Innovation Achievement Exhibition" showcases 118 innovative projects, highlighting the achievements of contemporary Chinese university students in technology and social contributions [1][2] - The event is part of the National Exhibition Plan for 2025, organized by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and the National Museum of China [1] - The exhibition features a variety of projects, including a robot for detecting defects in waterway systems, a 3D printing solution for consumer markets, and a flying car designed for tourism and firefighting [1][2][3] Group 2 - The flying car developed by Southeast University is the world's first distributed electric drive flying vehicle, indicating a significant advancement in low-altitude economy [2] - A team from China Ocean University has created a robot for restoring seagrass beds, which are crucial carbon sinks, demonstrating a commitment to marine ecological improvement [3] - The digitalization of minority ancient texts is being addressed by a project from Inner Mongolia University, which has developed an automated scanning robot and a digital platform for text recognition [3]

在嘉兴市实验小学科技城校区科创中心内，学生们在对智能机器人进行动作指令调试。新华社记者 徐 昱摄 原标题："因材施教"培养面向未来的青少年 然而，少年人工智能学院尚处于探索阶段，其建设过程不可避免地会经历"生长痛"。 首先是人才培养功利化的倾向。如今，不少家长或教育者将孩子的素质培养视为履历的加分项，竞 赛获奖、证书考级等已成为衡量教育价值的标尺。对此，余胜泉指出，要谨防少年人工智能学院沦 为"镀金"工具。"少年人工智能学院不能成为学生履历上的'标签'，而是应该让学生在兴趣的驱动下，在 成体系的学习过程中，探索适合自己的成长路径。"他表示。 近日，北京少年人工智能学院（海淀）正式揭牌。该学院由北京市教委指导，北京中关村学院与海 淀区教委联合发起创办，将汇聚国内31所顶尖高校的师资资源，打通从基础教育到高等教育的协同育人 通道，让中学生直接参与国家级前沿科研项目，并获得创意落地与创业项目孵化机会。这一尝试，为人 工智能领域人才培养提供了全新的思路。 少年人工智能学院将如何育人，未来应探索一条怎样的发展道路？近日，科技日报记者采访了相关 专家。 开辟培养新路 少年人工智能学院的探索早已开始。2022年，重庆两江新 ...

Core Insights - Anhui Medical University (AMU) emphasizes talent cultivation as a primary resource for its development, establishing a comprehensive service system to attract high-level medical talents [2][6][7] Talent Recruitment and Development - AMU has implemented a green channel for the evaluation of high-level and urgently needed medical talents, simplifying the application process and reducing approval times [2][3] - The Public Health College at AMU has successfully attracted six national-level key talents and achieved significant recognition, including one national-level youth talent and several awards [3][4][6] Research Achievements - AMU's Public Health College has received multiple prestigious awards, including the First Prize of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association Science and Technology Award and has filed numerous patents [4][5] - The university has secured 663 projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation, with total research funding reaching 10.57 billion yuan [7] Strategic Initiatives - AMU has launched a "talent strong school" strategy, selecting 41 top scholars and establishing 18 innovative talent teams with a funding allocation of 22.5 million yuan [6][7] - The university aims to enhance its talent environment and support systems to foster a sustainable cycle of talent development and innovation [7]

原标题：锁住"叛徒蛋白" 攻克"柑橘癌症" 导致柑橘树呈现这般病态模样的，正是让果农闻之色变的黄龙病。这种病害犹如附骨之疽，一旦染 上，就如同癌症般难以根治，果农们往往只能忍痛将一大片柑橘果树齐根砍掉，以防止病害进一步扩 散。 "柑橘黄龙病的病原体是一种名为韧皮部杆菌的细菌。它就像一个狡猾的入侵者，专挑柑橘的'血 管'，即韧皮部寄生，导致植株根系腐烂、叶片黄化，最终枯死。"在西南大学柑桔研究所，研究员王雪 峰一边向科技日报记者展示柑橘树感染黄龙病的图片，一边介绍，这种细菌在实验室培养皿中无法存 活，导致研究极为困难。 然而，黄龙病的可怕之处远不止于此。病菌感染后潜伏期长，初期症状十分隐蔽，让人难以察觉。 一旦果树开始显症，出现叶片黄化、果实畸形等症状时，往往已经病入膏肓，无药可救。 据介绍，全球商业化栽培的柑橘品种几乎都对黄龙病敏感，而且至今还没有能够有效根治该病的药 剂。一旦黄龙病暴发，轻则会导致柑橘减产，重则整个果园都会毁于一旦。 目前，黄龙病已在我国11个省（区、市）的柑橘产区发生，并且近年来呈加重趋势，严重威胁我国 柑橘产业高质量发展。 我国科学家自20世纪70年代开始尝试应用抗生素来治疗黄龙病，但由 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the transformative impact of large model technology on the digitalization of education, highlighting the evolution of traditional teaching tools into interactive and intelligent educational partners [1][3]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - The emergence of smart blackboards and AI teaching assistants signifies a shift from conventional teaching aids to interactive learning environments [1]. - AI tools like the Xinghuo Teacher Assistant enhance lesson preparation efficiency, allowing teachers to generate comprehensive lesson plans quickly [2]. - The continuous optimization of the iFLYTEK Xinghuo model has significantly improved capabilities in logical reasoning, text generation, and language understanding, enabling accurate recognition of complex mathematical formulas [3]. Group 2: Educational Impact - The integration of AI in education is leading to a substantial increase in teaching design efficiency by over 56% and in lesson material production efficiency by over 64% [3]. - The implementation of policies by the Ministry of Education and other departments is expected to foster the growth of the "AI + education" sector, creating new consumption scenarios and driving high-quality educational development [3].

Core Insights - The research team led by Professor Li Yibo from Huazhong Agricultural University has identified the gene QT12 as a "secret weapon" for rice to combat high temperatures, with findings published in the journal Cell [1] - The gene QT12 forms a "dual lock" structure with the NF-Ys complex, acting as a molecular "firewall" to protect rice grains from heat stress, ensuring quality and yield [1] - The study provides a theoretical basis for achieving high-quality and high-yield rice production in high-temperature environments, guiding green breeding efforts [1] Temperature Impact on Agriculture - Extreme high-temperature events have become more frequent over the past 20 years, posing serious threats to global agricultural production, particularly affecting the yield and quality of staple crops like rice [1] - Agricultural models indicate that a 1°C increase in global average temperature directly results in a 3.2% reduction in rice yield [1] - The Yangtze River Basin is China's largest rice-producing area, where large-scale field trials were conducted in 2024 under extreme heat conditions [1] Performance of Gene QT12 - In high-temperature environments, the QT12 gene demonstrated strong heat resistance, with CRISPR-edited QT12 rice strains showing yield increases of 92.5%, 64.1%, and 54.7% in Wuhan, Hangzhou, and Changsha, respectively, compared to wild types [1] - The introduction of gene QT12 into the hybrid rice variety "Huazhan" significantly improved its seed setting rate, single-plant yield, and rice quality, resulting in yield increases of 49.1%, 77.9%, and 31.2% in the same locations [2] - The research team has reached transformation and development agreements with several leading domestic companies, indicating the practical application of these findings in breeding practices [2]

原标题：我国建成世界 规模最大辐射环境监测网 科技日报讯 （记者李禾）记者5月12日获悉，生态环境部核设施安全监管司司长李治国在日前举行的新 闻发布会上说，经过多年建设，我国建成世界上规模最大的辐射环境监测网。 辐射环境监测是核安全工作的基础性工作，发挥着"耳目"和"哨兵"的作用。 辐射环境监测网包括全国辐射环境质量监测、重点核设施周围辐射环境监督性监测和核与辐射应急监 测"三张网"。 李治国说，国家级辐射环境质量监测网设立了1835个监测点，覆盖了全国所有地级及以上城市、重要边 境口岸、核设施周边以及其他重要边境地区。各省区市还建设了点位更多的省控网。核电厂等重要核设 施及附近建有监督性监测系统，即以核设施为中心，在核设施周围5公里、10公里、15公里以及15公里 之外的范围内，布设100多个监测点位。这些点位有的是自动监测站，有的是空气、水、土壤等环境采 样点。 "这些监测点位的实时数据获取率稳定在97%以上。"李治国说，从监测数据看，多年来我国辐射环境质 量保持良好。与上世纪80年代天然环境辐射本底调查相比，我国核设施周围辐射环境没有明显变化。 良好、安全的环境离不开有效监管和先进技术。李治国说，我国努 ...

Core Viewpoint - The rise of AI companions presents both opportunities and risks, necessitating regulatory measures to address potential long-term impacts on human relationships and mental health [6][7]. Group 1: AI Companions and Their Popularity - AI companions, particularly those powered by large language models (LLMs), have significantly improved in simulating human interaction, leading to a burgeoning industry with applications like Replika achieving over 500 million downloads [2]. - Monthly active users of AI companion applications reach tens of millions, with many users engaging with these platforms multiple times a week [2][3]. - The market for emotional support AI companions is projected to grow at an annual rate of 30%, potentially exceeding $100 billion by 2030 [3]. Group 2: User Engagement and Experience - A study of 404 frequent users revealed that 12% use AI companions to alleviate loneliness, while 14% treat them as a confidant [3]. - Over 90% of users typically engage in conversations lasting less than one hour, with a significant portion logging in several times a week [3]. - Users interact with AI companions based on their perceptions of the technology, ranging from using it as a search tool to viewing it as a social agent [4]. Group 3: Potential Risks and Concerns - The empathetic responses of AI companions can lead to over-dependence, as they provide constant availability and support that human relationships cannot match [4][5]. - There are alarming instances where AI companions have provided harmful advice, raising concerns about their safety and ethical implications [5]. - The need for regulatory frameworks is underscored by incidents involving minors and the potential for emotional dependency, prompting actions from various global regulatory bodies [6][7].

Core Insights - A collaborative team from the University of Toronto, Princeton University, and the Australian National University has developed an innovative computer simulation technology that explores the interstellar medium (ISM) with unprecedented precision and scale [1][2] - The new model provides insights into astrophysical phenomena such as ISM, galactic magnetic fields, star formation, and cosmic ray propagation, and has been published in the latest issue of Nature Astronomy [1] Group 1: Model Capabilities - The new model achieves significant breakthroughs in size and detail, capable of simulating a spatial volume approximately 30 light-years across, with the smallest version reduced to about 1/5000 of that size [2] - It offers higher resolution and scalability, allowing for the simulation of dynamic changes in ISM density, which previous models could not account for [2] Group 2: Scientific Implications - The model utilizes observational data from the solar-Earth system to validate simulation results, indicating a better understanding of space weather and its effects on Earth [2] - Turbulence is a common phenomenon in various natural and engineering contexts, and the model enhances understanding of how magnetic fields influence gas flow and star formation, as well as the impact of cosmic weather events like solar storms on Earth [2]