Life360, Inc.(LIF) - 2025 Q2 - Quarterly Results

Life360 Overview Life360 demonstrates global scale, durable growth, and expanding profitability, highlighted by significant year-over-year increases in revenue and Adjusted EBITDA, alongside a large global user base and extensive miles driven with crash detection Life360 at a Glance Life360 demonstrates global scale, durable growth, and expanding profitability, highlighted by significant year-over-year increases in revenue and Adjusted EBITDA, alongside a large global user base and extensive miles driven with crash detection Q2'25 Key Achievements | Metric | Q2'25 Value | YoY Change | | :-------------------------------- | :---------- | :--------- | | Revenue | $115.4 million | +36% | | Adjusted EBITDA | $20.3 million | - | | Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 18% | - | | Global Monthly Active Users (MAU) | ~88.0 million | - | | Global Paying Circles | ~2.5 million | - | | Global Monthly Miles driven with Life360 Crash Detection | 428 billion | - | | Safe arrival notifications | 70 billion | - | | Tile devices | 10.4 million+ | - | | Countries | 180+ | - | | U.S. Penetration | 11-17% | - | | Top Social Networking App (by DAU in U.S.) | 4 | - | Product Offering & Value Proposition Life360 positions itself as a 'super-app' for families, offering peace of mind through comprehensive safety and connection features. Its distinctive product suite includes real-time location sharing, driving safety, item tracking, emergency dispatch, and family messaging, catering to diverse family needs - Life360 makes everyday family life better through safety and connection, offering location sharing, market-leading driving safety, and premium safety services[18][19] - The platform provides a comprehensive offering including effortless daily coordination with advanced location sharing and item tracking, digital safety for protection and prevention, and expert emergency assistance anytime, anywhere[23][25] Competitive Moat & Differentiation Life360 maintains a competitive advantage by uniquely focusing on family safety, integrating a proprietary technology platform, and offering a holistic experience that combines mobile premium services and devices, unlike isolated point solutions from competitors - Life360's competitive moat is built on its unique focus on family safety, providing peace of mind and connection, supported by proprietary technology and cross-platform solutions[26][27] - Life360 offers a one-stop holistic experience, combining mobile premium services and devices, which differentiates it from competitors that provide only isolated point solutions[30][31] User Engagement & Retention Life360 demonstrates strong user engagement and retention, ranking among the highest DAUs across all apps in the U.S. and outperforming the social media average in app retention, indicating significant product stickiness driven by its core safety features US Lifestyle App Rankings by DAU (June 2025) | Rank | App Name | | :--- | :--- | | 1 | Life360: Stay Connected & Safe | | 2 | Pinterest | | 3 | Walmart: Shopping & Savings | | 4 | Ring - Always Home | | 5 | SHEIN | US Social Networking App Rankings by DAU (June 2025) | Rank | App Name | | :--- | :--- | | 1 | Facebook | | 2 | WhatsApp Messenger | | 3 | Messenger | | 4 | Life360: Stay Connected & Safe | | 5 | Discord | - Life360's app retention consistently outperforms social media peers, with a 1.5x higher retention rate after 90 days, driven by its strong value proposition and core feature set providing peace of mind[50] Addressable Market & Monetization Opportunities Life360 identifies substantial addressable market opportunities across various sectors, including family financial services, auto insurance, elderly monitoring, advertising, and pet/item tracking. The company plans to monetize these markets through subscription services, devices, and indirect advertising, leveraging its first-party data Addressable Market Opportunities | Market Segment | Estimated Market Size ($) | | :----------------------- | :-------------------- | | Family Financial Services | ~$83 billion | | Auto Insurance | ~$80 billion | | Elderly Monitoring | ~$75 billion | | Advertising | $75 billion | | Pet Tracking | Item Tracking Subscription Services | | Item Tracking | Item Tracking Subscription Services | - Monetization strategies include subscription services (ID theft protection, roadside assistance, crash detection, medical assistance, SOS, emergency dispatch, driver reports, disaster response, stolen phone, travel support), devices, and indirect advertising for free members based on first-party data[56] Member Base Expansion & Freemium Model Life360 is expanding its member base beyond traditional parents with teens, targeting broader demographics. Its freemium model, featuring triple-tier membership bundles (Silver, Gold, Platinum) in key markets, provides diverse benefits focused on driving and digital safety, enabling monetization across different user needs - Life360 is expanding its member base beyond parents with teens, recognizing an opportunity to grow within its current member base[58][59] U.S. Paying Circles by Membership Tier (as of June 30, 2025) | Membership Tier | % of US Paying Circles | | :---------------- | :--------------------- | | Silver | 4% | | Gold | 84% | | Platinum | 12% | Market Penetration & International Opportunity Life360 demonstrates significant remaining growth potential in U.S. penetration, with states experiencing high growth rates. Internationally, penetration is expanding but still trails the U.S., presenting a large upside opportunity, particularly in high-income markets with driving cultures where Triple Tier offerings are being rolled out - States with over 6% penetration in 2020 experienced an average of over 163% penetration growth from June 2020 to June 2025, indicating substantial remaining runway in the U.S. market[66] International Penetration by Region (2020 vs 2025) | Region | 2020 Penetration | 2025 Penetration | | :--------------- | :--------------- | :--------------- | | Canada | 1% | 4% | | United Kingdom | 11% | - | | Europe | 0.4% | 1.8% | | Australia & New Zealand | 6% | 15% | | Rest of World | 3% | - | Top 10 International MAU and Revenue Countries (Q2'25) | Rank | Top 10 International MAU Countries | Top 10 International Revenue Countries | | :--- | :--------------------------------- | :----------------------------------- | | 1 | United Kingdom | United Kingdom | | 2 | Brazil | Australia | | 3 | Mexico | Canada | | 4 | Australia | Brazil | | 5 | Italy | Mexico | | 6 | Philippines | Germany | | 7 | Malaysia | Japan | | 8 | Canada | South Africa | | 9 | Spain | Netherlands | | 10 | Thailand | Malaysia | Advertising Opportunity Life360 is leveraging its differentiated audience and first-party data to create new monetization opportunities through advertising, indicating long-term growth potential. Its dynamic suite of in-app and offsite ad products, including context-aware place ads, effectively closes the measurement gap in retail advertising and drives strong campaign performance with brand partnerships like Uber and Accuweather - Life360's differentiated audience, characterized by valuable targeting opportunities based on user insights and location, has the potential to deliver significant value to B2B data providers and advertisers while maintaining user privacy[80][81] - Life360's ad solutions, including Place Pins, Map Banners, Place Ads, and Audiences, close the measurement gap in retail advertising by providing context-aware, footfall-driving media, leveraging self-identified demographics and continuity of location signal[88][89] - High-impact advertising brand partnerships, such as with Uber and Accuweather, demonstrate strong performance with high click-through rates, amplified by Life360's valuable user base of highly engaged members with high-disposable incomes[93][95] Life360 Strategy Life360's strategy focuses on audience growth, scaling paid offerings, expanding revenue streams, and increasing profitability to become the leading global family brand Strategic Pillars Life360's strategy is built on four key pillars: growing its audience, scaling paid offerings, expanding revenue streams, and increasing profitability. These pillars are designed to drive long-term growth by enhancing member value, meeting diverse family needs, and balancing growth investments with financial discipline - The core strategy involves growing the audience, scaling paid offerings through increased value and retention, expanding revenue streams by meeting family needs, and creating new revenue streams by building a leading global family brand, all while expanding profitability through financial discipline[97][98] Freemium Flywheel & Business Model Life360's freemium business model leverages network effects to drive growth, with virality and referrals fueling new member acquisition. A growing free user base creates a competitive moat, increases the premium member acquisition pool, and provides indirect monetization opportunities like advertising, supported by efficient digital economics for scaling - The freemium flywheel drives growth through virality and referrals, leading to more users, better engagement, and better features, which in turn fuels the free user base, paid user base, and indirect monetization through ad revenue[99][100] - Strong word-of-mouth drives organic growth and efficient customer acquisition. Digital economics enable efficient scaling of the user base with low-cost, high-margin subscription services. The growing free member base creates a competitive moat, increases the premium member acquisition pool, and offers indirect monetization opportunities, including advertising[105] Aspirational Goals Life360 has set aspirational long-term goals to become the leading brand for everyday family life, aiming for over 150 million Monthly Active Users (MAU) and achieving more than 35% Adjusted EBITDA margins - Long-term aspirational goals include becoming the brand for everyday family life, achieving 150 million+ Monthly Active Users, and reaching 35%+ Adjusted EBITDA margins[107][109][111] Financial Update Q2'25 Life360 delivered strong Q2'25 financial results, with significant revenue and Adjusted EBITDA growth, driven by subscription momentum and expanding operating leverage, while establishing new advertising revenue streams Q2'25 Achievements Life360 achieved significant growth in Q2'25, cementing its market-leading position with substantial increases in global MAU, revenue, and paying circles. The company also established initial infrastructure for advertising revenue and expanded profitability with strong Adjusted EBITDA growth Q2'25 Key Achievements | Metric | Q2'25 Value | YoY Growth | | :-------------------------------- | :---------- | :--------- | | Global Monthly Active Users (MAU) | ~88.0 million | +25% | | Revenue | $115.4 million | +36% | | Global Paying Circles | ~2.5 million | +25% | | Adjusted EBITDA | $20.3 million | - | | Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 18% | - | | International MAU Growth | - | 34% | | Quarterly net adds (Paying Circles) | 136k | - | - Initial infrastructure established to build advertising revenue stream and new B2B partnerships are being formed to drive indirect monetization[115] Q2'25 Results Summary Life360 delivered strong Q2'25 financial results, with total revenue increasing by 36% YoY, driven by robust subscription and other revenue growth. The company achieved positive net income and significantly expanded Adjusted EBITDA, reflecting increased operating leverage and cost discipline Q2'25 Financial Results Summary | Metric | Q2'25 ($ million) | Q2'24 ($ million) | $ Change ($ million) | % ch YoY | | :-------------------------- | :---- | :---- | :------- | :------- | | Subscription Revenue | 88.6 | 65.7 | 22.9 | 35% | | Hardware Revenue | 12.3 | 11.9 | 0.4 | 3% | | Other Revenue | 14.5 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 100% | | Total Revenue | 115.4 | 84.9 | 30.5 | 36% | | Annualized Monthly Revenue (AMR) | 416.1 | 304.8 | 111.3 | 36% | | Operating Expenses | 88.5 | 66.0 | 22.5 | 34% | | Net Income (Loss) | 7.0 | (11.0) | 18.0 | (164)% | | Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) | 20.3 | 11.0 | 9.3 | 85% | | Cash and cash equivalents | 434.2 | 162.0 | 272.2 | 168% | | Operating cash flow | 13.3 | 3.3 | 10.1 | 310% | - Subscription revenue momentum continued strong, up 35% including hardware subscriptions, and 38% for Life360 subscriptions. Other revenue increased 100% due to data, partnership, and advertising revenue[120] - Adjusted EBITDA expansion was driven by strong subscription revenue growth and increased operating leverage, with operating expenses declining as a percentage of revenue[120] Annualized Monthly Revenue (AMR) Life360's Annualized Monthly Revenue (AMR) continued its strong upward trajectory, reaching $416.1 million in June 2025, representing a 36% year-over-year growth, demonstrating consistent revenue momentum - Quarterly Annualized Monthly Revenue (AMR) reached $416.1 million in Q2'25, marking a 36% YoY growth[122] Consolidated Revenue Breakdown In Q2'25, Life360's consolidated revenue of $115 million was primarily driven by subscription revenue (76%), with hardware and other revenue contributing 11% and 13% respectively, reflecting a diversified revenue base with a strong subscription core Q2'25 Quarterly Revenue Breakdown | Revenue Type | Q2'23 ($ million) | Q2'24 ($ million) | Q2'25 ($ million) | | :------------- | :---- | :---- | :---- | | Subscription | $53 | $66 | $89 | | Hardware | $12 | $12 | $12 | | Other | $6 | $7 | $15 | | Total | $71 | $85 | $115 | Q2'25 Total Consolidated Revenue Breakdown by Percentage | Revenue Type | Percentage | | :------------- | :--------- | | Subscription | 76% | | Hardware | 11% | | Other | 13% | Global MAU Growth Life360's Global Monthly Active Users (MAU) grew by 25% year-over-year in Q2'25, reaching 88.0 million, with significant contributions from organic channels and strong growth in international Triple Tier launch countries - Global MAU grew 25% YoY in Q2'25, with International Triple Tier launch countries MAU growing 43% YoY and US MAU growing 17% YoY[130] Subscription Revenue & ARPPC Subscription revenue saw a 35% YoY growth in Q2'25, underpinned by a 25% YoY increase in Paying Circles and an 8% YoY increase in Average Revenue Per Paying Circle (ARPPC). This growth was further supported by price increases and a shift towards higher-priced products Consolidated Quarterly Subscription Revenue | Quarter | 2023 ($ million) | 2024 ($ million) | 2025 ($ million) | | :------ | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Q1 | $51.7 | $61.6 | $81.9 | | Q2 | $52.7 | $65.7 | $88.6 | | Q3 | $56.6 | $71.8 | - | | Q4 | $59.8 | $78.8 | - | - Core Life360 subscription revenue grew 38% YoY in Q2'25, benefiting from strong Paying Circles growth (25% YoY) and price increases in the U.S. for new and existing annual subscribers in 2024, alongside a shift in product mix[134] - Additional uplift from international regions throughout 2024 was due to legacy subscriber price increases and the launch of higher-priced membership tiers in non-Triple Tier markets, as well as continued growth in existing Triple Tier markets[134] Paying Circles Growth Life360's Paying Circles grew by 25% year-over-year in Q2'25, reaching 2.5 million globally. This growth was observed across both U.S. and international markets, with international Triple Tier launch countries showing particularly strong growth - Global Paying Circles grew 25% YoY in Q2'25, with US Paying Circles growing 23% YoY and International Triple Tier launch countries Paying Circles growing 62% YoY[136] Average Revenue Per Paying Circle (ARPPC) Average Revenue Per Paying Circle (ARPPC) increased by 8% YoY globally in Q2'25, driven by successful Triple Tier launches and annual subscription price increases in both the U.S. and international markets Average Revenue Per Paying Circle (ARPPC) ($) | Quarter | Q2'23 | Q2'24 | Q2'25 | | :------ | :---- | :---- | :---- | | Global ARPPC | $128 | $126 | $135 | | International Triple Tier launch countries revenue | $43 | $59 | $76 | - Global ARPPC increased 8% YoY, while International Triple Tier launch countries revenue increased 35% YoY, and International ARPPC increased 92% YoY[139] - The uplift to global ARPPC was tempered by a 3% increase in the weighting of international Paying Circles as a percentage of global Paying Circles, reflecting faster growth in international regions that have lower pricing relative to the U.S.[140] User Engagement & Retention Life360 demonstrates strong user engagement and retention, with both Monthly Active Users (MAUs) and Paying Circles consistently increasing across member registration years. This indicates effective long-term conversion of free members to paid and a net subscription revenue retention rate of approximately 100% - MAUs and Paying Circles by member registration year have increased over time, demonstrating strong retention dynamics and the ability to convert free members to paid over the long-term[143] - Consistent historical net subscriber retention across member registration years drives a net subscription revenue retention rate of approximately 100%[143] Hardware Revenue Hardware revenue increased by 3% YoY in Q2'25, primarily driven by a 21% YoY increase in net hardware units shipped, despite a decrease in Average Sale Price (ASP). The company observed continued growth in Tile sales to Life360 users, with full integration of premium Tile features expected to further boost this trend Quarterly Hardware Revenue and Units Shipped | Quarter | Q2'24 ($ million) | Q3'24 ($ million) | Q4'24 ($ million) | Q1'25 ($ million) | Q2'25 ($ million) | | :------ | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | | Hardware Revenue | $11.9 | $11.7 | $13.0 | $11.6 | $12.3 | | HW Units Shipped (million) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | | ASP ($) | $15.92 | $12.69 | $12.56 | $16.99 | $14.81 | - Q2'25 hardware revenue increased 3% YoY, driven by a 21% YoY increase in net hardware units shipped due to online retail channel sales, despite a 7% YoY decrease in ASP[147] - Continued growth in Tiles sold into the Life360 user base is expected to continue with full integration of premium Tile features into the Life360 app[147] Other Revenue Other revenue experienced a significant 100% YoY growth in Q2'25, primarily driven by the ramp-up of advertising revenue and a renegotiated data agreement. This segment continues to expand as a percentage of total revenue, positively impacting gross margin and indicating substantial long-term growth potential Quarterly Other Revenue and as % of Total Revenue | Quarter | Q1'23 ($ million) | Q2'23 ($ million) | Q3'23 ($ million) | Q4'23 ($ million) | Q1'24 ($ million) | Q2'24 ($ million) | Q3'24 ($ million) | Q4'24 ($ million) | Q1'25 ($ million) | Q2'25 ($ million) | | :------ | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | | Other Revenue | $6.1 | $6.5 | $6.5 | $6.5 | $7.3 | $7.3 | $9.3 | $13.0 | $12.8 | $14.5 | | % of Total Revenue | - | - | - | - | - | 9% | 10% | 11% | 12% | 13% | - Q2'25 Other revenue growth of 100% YoY reflects increases in data and partnership revenue, primarily driven by advertising revenue contribution and a renegotiated data agreement with Placer.ai[152] - Other revenue continues to expand as a percentage of total revenue, driving positive impacts on gross margin and is expected to have significant long-term growth potential as part of the broader advertising and free user monetization strategy[152] Expanding Profitability Life360 demonstrated expanding profitability in Q2'25, with operating expenses declining as a percentage of revenue to 77%, showcasing strong operating leverage. Adjusted EBITDA margin expanded to 18%, driven by robust subscription revenue growth and increased operational efficiency Operating Expenses as % of Revenue | Quarter | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | | :------ | :-- | :-- | :-- | :-- | | 2023 | 95% | 85% | 83% | 82% | | 2024 | 81% | 79% | 78% | 77% | | 2025 | 74% | 69% | - | - | Adjusted EBITDA & Margin | Quarter | Q1'23 ($ million) | Q2'23 ($ million) | Q3'23 ($ million) | Q4'23 ($ million) | Q1'24 ($ million) | Q2'24 ($ million) | Q3'24 ($ million) | Q4'24 ($ million) | Q1'25 ($ million) | Q2'25 ($ million) | | :------ | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | | Adjusted EBITDA | $0.5 | $4.3 | $5.5 | $5.7 | $8.9 | $11.0 | $15.9 | $21.2 | $20.3 | $20.3 | | Margin (%) | 1% | 7% | 8% | 10% | 13% | 15% | 18% | 18% | - | - | - Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue declined to 77% in Q2'25, demonstrating continued strong operating leverage. Adjusted EBITDA margin expanded to 18% in Q2'25, driven by strong subscription revenue growth and increased operating leverage[156] FY'25 Outlook Life360 has increased its FY'25 outlook, now expecting consolidated revenue between $462 million and $482 million, with upward revisions across subscription, hardware, and other revenue segments, and raised Adjusted EBITDA guidance FY'25 Guidance Life360 has increased its FY'25 outlook, now expecting consolidated revenue between $462 million and $482 million, with upward revisions across subscription, hardware, and other revenue segments. The company also raised its Adjusted EBITDA guidance to a range of $72 million to $82 million FY'25 Outlook (Revised Guidance) | Metric | New Guidance ($ million) | Prior Guidance ($ million) | | :-------------------- | :------------------- | :------------------- | | Consolidated Revenue | $462 to $482 | $450 to $480 | | Subscription Revenue | $363 to $367 | $355 to $365 | | Hardware Revenue | $42 to $50 | $40 to $50 | | Other Revenue | $57 to $65 | $55 to $65 | | Adjusted EBITDA | $72 to $82 | $65 to $75 | Appendix The appendix provides detailed operating metrics, unaudited consolidated financial statements, GAAP to Non-GAAP reconciliations, and a competitive landscape analysis Operating Metrics The operating metrics appendix provides detailed quarterly data for Life360 Core and Consolidated metrics, including Monthly Active Users (MAU), Paying Circles, Average Revenue per Paying Circle (ARPPC), Average Revenue per Paying Subscription (ARPPS), net hardware units shipped, Average Sale Price (ASP), Annualized Monthly Revenue (AMR), and various subscription revenue breakdowns Operating Metrics (Q2 2024 - Q2 2025) | Metric | Q2 2025 | Q1 2025 | Q4 2024 | Q3 2024 | Q2 2024 | | :------------------------------------------ | :------ | :------ | :------ | :------ | :------ | | MAU - Global (million) | 88.0 | 83.7 | 79.6 | 76.9 | 70.6 | | MAU - U.S. (million) | 47.5 | 45.3 | 43.7 | 42.2 | 40.5 | | MAU - International (million) | 40.5 | 38.4 | 36.0 | 34.7 | 30.1 | | Paying Circles - Total (million) | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.0 | | ARPPC ($) | 135.42 | 133.42 | 131.76 | 127.57 | 125.96 | | Subscriptions (million) | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | | ARPPS ($) | 116.06 | 112.98 | 110.43 | 106.27 | 104.00 | | Net hardware units shipped (million) | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | | ASP ($) | 14.81 | 16.99 | 12.56 | 12.69 | 15.92 | | AMR ($ million) | 416.1 | 393.0 | 367.6 | 336.2 | 304.8 | | Subscription revenue ($ million) | 88.6 | 81.9 | 78.8 | 71.8 | 65.7 | | Core subscription revenue ($ million) | 82.9 | 76.2 | 73.1 | 66.2 | 60.2 | Financials This section provides the unaudited consolidated financial statements, including the Income Statement for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and the Cash Flow Statement for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 Income Statement (Three Months Ended June 30, $M) | Metric | 2025 ($ million) | 2024 ($ million) | | :-------------------------------- | :--- | :--- | | Total Revenue | 115.4 | 84.9 | | Gross Profit | 90.5 | 63.6 | | Total Operating Expenses | 88.5 | 66.0 | | Income (loss) from operations | 2.0 | (2.4) | | Net income (loss) | 7.0 | (11.0) | | Net income (loss) per share, basic | 0.09 | (0.15) | | Net income (loss) per share, diluted | 0.08 | (0.15) | Balance Sheet (As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $M) | Metric | June 30, 2025 ($ million) | December 31, 2024 ($ million) | | :-------------------------------- | :------------ | :---------------- | | Total Current Assets | 521.2 | 241.0 | | Total Assets | 753.6 | 441.6 | | Total Current Liabilities | 73.0 | 77.3 | | Total Liabilities | 386.9 | 83.0 | | Total Stockholders' Equity | 366.7 | 358.5 | Cash Flow (Six Months Ended June 30, $M) | Metric | 2025 ($ million) | 2024 ($ million) | | :-------------------------------- | :--- | :--- | | Net cash provided by operating activities | 25.4 | 13.9 | | Net cash used in investing activities | (32.1) | (2.3) | | Net cash provided by financing activities | 280.5 | 79.7 | | Net Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | 273.8 | 91.3 | | Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at the End of the Period | 434.2 | 162.0 | GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations & Non-GAAP Financial Measures This section provides reconciliations of GAAP to Non-GAAP financial measures, specifically for Cost of Revenue, Operating Expenses, and Adjusted EBITDA. It defines Adjusted EBITDA and explains its use by management for evaluating financial performance and resource allocation, while noting it should not be considered a substitute for GAAP measures Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation (Three Months Ended June 30, $M) | Metric | 2025 ($ million) | 2024 ($ million) | | :------------------------------------------ | :--- | :--- | | Net income (loss) | 7.0 | (11.0) | | Add (deduct): | | | | Loss on settlement of convertible notes | 1.1 | 0.4 | | Gain on settlement of derivative liability | - | (1.9) | | Gain on change in fair value of investment | (1.3) | - | | Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | (0.4) | 5.5 | | Depreciation and amortization | 3.1 | 2.4 | | Other income, net | (3.4) | (1.0) | | Investment related transaction costs | 0.1 | - | | Stock-based compensation | 15.2 | 10.8 | | IPO-related transaction costs | - | 5.8 | | Adjusted EBITDA | 20.3 | 11.0 | - Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) excluding specific non-cash or non-core items such as loss on settlement of convertible notes, gain on settlement of derivative liability, gain on change in fair value of investments, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, other income, investment related transaction costs, stock-based compensation, and IPO-related transaction costs[173] - Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to evaluate financial performance, determine resource allocation, and for period-to-period comparisons, but it is a supplemental measure and not a substitute for GAAP financial information[174] Competitive Landscape The competitive landscape appendix provides a comparative analysis of Life360's features and pricing against various competitors, highlighting its comprehensive offering across family safety, roadside assistance, SOS alerts, driver reports, and item tracking Competitive Feature Comparison | Feature | Life360 | Apple Find My | Google Maps | LifeLock | OnStar | ADT | Car Guardian | Noonlight | Family Link | Find My Kids | AAA | | :-------------------------- | :------ | :------------ | :---------- | :------- | :----- | :-- | :----------- | :-------- | :---------- | :------------ | :-- | | Monthly Price | $14.99 | Free | Free | $7.99 | $14.99 | $79.99 | $4.99 | $34.99 | Free | $10.00 | $14.99 | | Membership | Family circle | Individual | Individual | Family | Individual | Family | Individual | Family | Individual | Individual | Individual | | Available on iOS & Android | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | | Roadside Assistance | √ | | | √ | | | | √ | | | √ | | SOS Alert | √ | | | | | | √ | √ | | √ | √ | | Driver Reports | √ | | | | √ | | | | | | √ | | Stolen Phone Reimbursement | √ | | | √ | | | | | | | | | Credit Monitoring | Platinum Only | √ | | | | √ | | | | | | | ID Theft Protection | √ | √ | | | | √ | | | | | | | Crash Detection | √ | | | | √ | | √ | √ | | | √ | | Disaster Assistance | Platinum Only | | | | | | | √ | | | | | Travel Assistance | Platinum Only | √ | | | | | | | | | | | Location Sharing | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | | | √ | √ | √ | √ | | Stolen Funds Reimbursement | √ | √ | | | | √ | | | | | | | Item Tracking | √ | | √ | | | | | | | | | | In-App Messaging | √ | | | | | | | | √ | | | | Pet Tracking | √ | | | | | | | | | | |