43rd Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference January 13, 2025 © 2025 Moderna, Inc. All rights reserved. Forward-looking statements and disclaimer This presentation contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including statements regarding: Moderna's 2025 revenue guidance and factors impacting the guidance range; the rate of success of Moderna's platform; Moderna's ability to execute on its strategic priorities, including its ab ...

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call primarily discusses the **container shipping industry** and its current market dynamics, including freight rates, seasonal trends, and the impact of labor agreements on shipping lines. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Freight Rate Trends**: The Shanghai Container Freight Index (SCFI) dropped by **8.6% week-on-week** due to averted strikes, with expectations of continued downward pressure from weaker seasonal demand [3][10][22]. 2. **General Rate Increases (GRIs)**: Two rounds of GRIs, ranging from **USD 1,000 to USD 3,000 per FEU**, are scheduled for January 15 and February 1, 2025. However, the likelihood of these increases being implemented is low due to the recent labor agreement [3][21][34]. 3. **Seasonal Patterns**: Historically, freight rates decline by an average of **12%** four weeks after the Lunar New Year (LNY). The industry anticipates similar softness in rates in the upcoming months [4][22]. 4. **Capacity Management**: Shipping lines are adopting blank sailings to manage capacity, with a reported **12% cancellation rate** of sailings from December 30 to February 2 [4][22]. 5. **Profitability Outlook**: Despite the anticipated decline in rates, preliminary results from major liners indicate profitability in Q4 2024, with CSH's profit increasing **1.7x year-on-year** to **RMB 49 billion** [5][10]. 6. **Market Sentiment**: Futures for SCFIS (Shanghai-Europe) are trading at a **30-51% discount** to spot rates, reflecting market expectations of weakening demand and overcapacity [3][25][29]. Additional Important Insights 1. **Impact of Labor Agreements**: The recent labor agreement averted a potential strike at US East Coast ports, which could have significantly disrupted shipping operations [20]. 2. **Tanker Market Conditions**: The tanker market is experiencing soft rates, with VLCC rates falling to approximately **USD 20,000 per day** due to weak demand and ongoing OPEC+ cuts [6]. 3. **Geopolitical Factors**: Sanctions on US-sanctioned tankers by Shandong Port Group may influence the inflow of Middle Eastern oil to China, potentially supporting VLCC rates [6]. 4. **Future Considerations**: Key factors to monitor include the extent of blanked sailings, cargo recovery post-CNY, and the timing of frontloading ahead of any punitive tariffs [23]. Conclusion The container shipping industry is currently facing challenges with declining freight rates and overcapacity, but there are signs of resilience in profitability among major shipping lines. The impact of labor agreements and geopolitical factors will be crucial in shaping the market dynamics in the near term.

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