2025就业趋势分析：年年都是「史上最难就业季」，数据上就业到底怎么样？

Employment Trends in Different Majors - The employment rate for energy and power engineering majors reached 95.3% in 2023, maintaining a leading position among engineering disciplines [7] - Mechanical engineering majors saw a 12.6% increase in monthly income, ranking first in income growth among all majors [9] - The monthly income of graduates in electronic and electrical equipment manufacturing reached 7153 yuan, surpassing the IT sector to rank first [11] - The transportation equipment manufacturing sector experienced a 150% salary increase over five years, benefiting from the rapid growth of domestic new energy vehicles [12] Challenges in Computer Science and Engineering - The employment rate for computer science majors fell below the national average, with a significant oversupply of graduates [13] - The number of computer science graduates in 2022 reached 1.77 million, accounting for a quarter of all engineering graduates [14] - Despite the oversupply, computer science graduates still maintain leading income levels in the short and long term [16] - The SBTC (Skill-biased Technical Change) effect suggests that high-skilled talent remains in demand, but the education system must align with market needs [17][18] Impact of International Trade and Domestic Manufacturing - The US election results and potential trade protectionism could increase operational costs for manufacturing exports, particularly in the new energy vehicle sector [19] - Domestic high-end manufacturing is expected to rely more on local alternatives, driving demand for skilled talent in technology and innovation [20] Employment Situation for Liberal Arts Majors - Only five liberal arts majors had employment rates above the national average: e-commerce, tourism management, education, sociology, and history [22] - Liberal arts graduates are primarily employed in service-oriented roles, with finance, HR, and administration being the most common [23] - Despite lower starting salaries, liberal arts majors such as law and medicine achieved 80% employment satisfaction, the highest among all disciplines [24] - Long-term employment satisfaction for liberal arts majors, particularly in education and literature, reached 85% [26] AI's Impact on Liberal Arts and Future Opportunities - AI is expected to significantly impact liberal arts professions such as translation, scriptwriting, and accounting [28] - However, AI also creates new opportunities, with every job lost to the internet generating 2.6 new positions [29] - Liberal arts graduates with backgrounds in finance, education, and law can contribute to the development of specialized AI models [29] Rise of Flexible Employment and Entrepreneurship - Flexible employment increased from 4.7% to 5.1% in 2023, with local college graduates more likely to choose this path [31] - Manufacturing and food service are the primary sectors for flexible employment, often facilitated by platform-based companies [32] - Self-employment satisfaction reached 84%, higher than the average for all graduates, though only 31% of 2018 graduates continued self-employment after five years [35][36] Long-Term Career Development - Long-term career satisfaction and income growth are achievable across various fields, emphasizing the importance of continuous skill development and industry expertise [38]