Group 1: Investment and Expansion Plans - Novartis announced a planned 23billioninvestmentoverfiveyearsinU.S.−basedinfrastructuretomanufactureallkeydrugsforitsU.S.patients[1]−ThecompanywillestablishabiomedicalresearchinnovationhubinSanDiego,CA,expectedtoopenduring2028−2029,aspartofitsexpansion[7]−Novartisplanstobuildfournewmanufacturingfacilitiesinthreestates,focusingonbiologicsdrugsubstances,drugproducts,andchemicaldrugsubstances[8][9]Group2:MarketContextandTariffs−TheexpansionfollowsPresidentTrump′sannouncementofnewtariffsonpharmaceuticalimports,aimedatboostingdomesticmanufacturing[3][4]−Thetariffsincludea3450 billion over the next five years [10] - The company's shares have risen 8.7% year to date, contrasting with the industry's decline of 8.2% [2]