国家发展改革委投资研究所研究员吴亚平：聚焦“投资于人” 加大“硬投资”力度

Core Viewpoint - The inclusion of "investment in people" in the government work report signifies a significant shift in investment philosophy and financing policy direction in the process of advancing Chinese-style modernization [1] Group 1: Relationship Between "Investment in People" and "Investment in Material" - "Investment in people" requires substantial "hard investment," similar to "investment in material," as the ultimate goal of any investment activity is to serve human needs and development [2] - Investments aimed at meeting production needs generally fall under "investment in material," while those focused on promoting high-quality population development and meeting life needs, especially in terms of spiritual products and services, are categorized as "investment in people" [2] - Both "investment in people" and "investment in material" necessitate significant "hard investment" to enhance the supply capacity for human needs and development [2] Group 2: Focus Areas for "Investment in People" - "Investment in people" should strengthen demand-side management and policy support, increasing fiscal, financial, employment, and income distribution policies to enable more people to access spiritual products and services [3] - Key areas for "investment in people" include high-quality housing supply, reliable food and drug safety, improved living conditions, healthcare services, education and training, cultural and sports services, tourism, and emergency response systems [6] - Regions should focus on the needs of the people, aligning government investment directions with societal expectations, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing both the quantity and quality of "hard investment" [6] Group 3: Impact on "Investment in Material" - "Investment in people" and "investment in material" should be coordinated in resource allocation, as both types of capital are complementary and mutually reinforcing [4] - It is essential not to view "investment in material" as ineffective or low-level, nor to assume that "investment in people" projects are inherently beneficial; all investments with real or potential demand contribute to economic and social development [4] - The current investment strategy should shift from primarily new construction to a balance of renovation and new investment, focusing on modern industrial systems and addressing key areas and weaknesses [5]