应对呼吸道感染 重视黏膜免疫

Core Insights - The discussion highlights the low efficacy of respiratory virus vaccines compared to hepatitis B vaccines, emphasizing the need for improved mucosal immunity research to enhance disease prevention [1][4]. Group 1: Mucosal Immunity - Mucosal immunity serves as the first line of defense against pathogens, utilizing physical barriers and immune functions to protect the body [2]. - Research indicates that mucosal immune responses can trigger a cross-organ response, enhancing overall immunity [2]. - Mucosal immunity is crucial not only for infection prevention but also for managing severe cases of respiratory infections, where inflammation control is vital [2]. Group 2: Research Gaps and Opportunities - There are significant scientific gaps in understanding mucosal immunity compared to other immune organs, which presents an opportunity for new drug and vaccine development [3]. - The activation of mucosal immunity is believed to improve the efficacy of respiratory virus vaccines, with ongoing research showing promising results for nasal spray vaccines [4]. - Current respiratory virus vaccines have limited effectiveness, highlighting the urgent need for a shift in immunization strategies through collaborative research efforts [4]. Group 3: The Role of Basic Research - Basic theoretical research is essential for technological innovation, as current understanding of pathogen interactions with lung epithelium and mucosal immune responses is still limited [5]. - Identifying common mechanisms of pathogen invasion could lead to the development of broad-spectrum emergency vaccines or treatments [6].