超强导电，碳纳米管为何成为材料界新宠？

Core Insights - Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) are a new type of material with exceptional mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical stability properties [1][2][3] - CNT was first discovered in 1991 by Sumio Iijima [1][2] - The performance of CNT is significantly influenced by its aspect ratio and carbon purity, with finer diameters and longer lengths leading to better electrical conductivity [1][2] Mechanical Properties - CNT exhibits extremely high strength and significant toughness, theoretically being 100 times stronger than steel while having only 1/6 the density of steel [2] - The Young's modulus of CNT is nearly 6 times that of steel, and it can bend and twist under pressure without breaking, returning to its original shape once the force is released [2] Electrical Properties - CNT has excellent electrical properties, with carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal microstructure that allows electrons to move freely over larger distances [3] - The conductivity of CNT is theoretically second only to superconductors, with minimal energy loss as electrons pass through [3] Thermal Properties - CNT is known for its superior thermal conductivity, capable of rapidly conducting heat along its length [3] - The theoretical thermal efficiency of CNT is approximately 3-6 times that of diamond, the best-known thermal conductor in nature [3] Chemical Stability - CNT is chemically stable, exhibiting resistance to acids and bases [3] - The addition of CNT to polymer composites can enhance their acid resistance and oxidation resistance, making it suitable for applications in aerospace, aviation, defense, and military industries [3]