经济观察｜负面清单持续“瘦身”激活中国市场

Core Viewpoint - The continuous reduction of the negative list for market access in China reflects a commitment to creating a more open and competitive market environment, benefiting various types of enterprises, especially private ones [1][2][3]. Group 1: Market Access Reforms - The negative list for market access has been significantly reduced from 151 items in 2018 to 106 items currently, indicating a more streamlined approach to market entry [1]. - The "non-prohibited, just enter" principle allows all types of enterprises, including state-owned, private, large, and small businesses, to enter the market equally, enhancing market efficiency [1][2]. - The latest version of the negative list (2025) has removed several national measures and relaxed some local restrictions, further promoting market access [1]. Group 2: Impact on Private Enterprises - The ongoing reduction of the negative list has directly benefited private enterprises, allowing them to participate more actively in key sectors such as energy, railways, and telecommunications [3]. - The successful operation of the first privately-held high-speed railway and the launch of privately-funded nuclear power projects signify breakthroughs for private enterprises in competitive industries [3]. Group 3: Adaptation to New Market Dynamics - The emergence of new business models and rapid technological advancements necessitate a flexible and resilient market access management approach, moving away from traditional administrative approval methods [3][4]. - The government plans to focus on strategic emerging industries and key areas for pilot projects to further relax market access, aiming to refine and optimize the negative list [4]. - Scene-based innovation is expected to be a highlight in the next phase of market access reform, aiming to reshape technology innovation models and create new market entry rules [4].