海上风电如何突破“用海打架”困局？

Core Viewpoint - Offshore wind power is a crucial renewable energy source that can drive the prosperity of related industries, optimize energy structure in coastal areas, and help mitigate global warming, contributing to the "dual carbon" goals. However, the rapid development of offshore wind power has led to increasing conflicts over marine space, necessitating a shift from "extensive expansion" to "refined management" in marine space utilization [1][5]. Offshore Wind Power Development Status - Offshore wind power development began in the late 20th century, with Europe leading the way. Denmark's Vindeby project was the world's first offshore wind farm, established in 1991. China started developing offshore wind resources later but has seen rapid growth, with significant projects like the 1100MW Jiangsu Rudong project and the 2000MW Yangjiang Sanshan Island project [2][3]. Development Trends - The offshore wind power sector is maturing, characterized by larger project scales, deeper water development, and advanced technology. Projects are moving from hundreds of megawatts to gigawatt-scale capacities, and the focus is shifting towards deep-sea areas, which require advanced transmission technologies [3][4]. Main Conflicts in Marine Space Utilization - The main conflicts in offshore wind power utilization include: 1. Spatial Layout Conflict: Tension between nearshore resource scarcity and barriers to deep-sea development. New regulations encourage deep-water offshore wind projects to be located at least 30 kilometers offshore or in waters deeper than 30 meters [5]. 2. Resource Utilization Conflict: The need for multi-functional marine use versus traditional single-purpose offshore wind projects. New policies promote "wind power +" models to enhance resource efficiency [6]. 3. Approval Efficiency Conflict: Complicated multi-departmental approval processes lead to delays in project initiation. New regulations aim to streamline these processes [9]. 4. Ecological Protection Conflict: The balance between development intensity and ecological carrying capacity is critical, with new guidelines emphasizing ecological protection measures during project development [7]. Recommendations for Future Development - Suggestions for addressing the identified conflicts include: 1. Spatial Optimization: Encourage deep-sea development and integrate various planning regulations to avoid conflicts with other marine industries [8]. 2. Model Innovation: Establish cross-industry coordination mechanisms and promote comprehensive development models to improve resource utilization efficiency [8]. 3. Approval Reform: Implement a coordinated multi-departmental approval system and develop a digital platform to enhance administrative efficiency [9]. 4. Ecological Compensation: Explore market-based ecological compensation mechanisms and establish long-term monitoring systems for marine ecosystems [9].