国家卫健委：职业病目录新增两个类别 加强小微企业职业健康保护

Core Points - The prevention and control of traditional occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis and noise-induced hearing loss remain challenging, particularly in small and micro enterprises [1][4] - The number of newly reported occupational disease cases in China has significantly decreased from 26,393 in 2013 to 12,087 in 2023, a reduction of 54.2% [2] - New categories of occupational diseases have been added, including occupational musculoskeletal disorders and occupational mental and behavioral disorders, bringing the total number of legally recognized occupational diseases to 12 categories and 135 types [2][3] Group 1: Occupational Health Challenges - The issue of noise exceeding safety standards is still prominent, especially in high-risk industries such as mining and machinery manufacturing [1][4] - The clinical manifestations of new occupational diseases, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, are primarily caused by repetitive tasks and excessive force, leading to nerve damage and pain in the hands [3] - The prevention of noise-induced hearing loss is critical, with the World Health Organization estimating that by 2050, nearly 2.5 billion people will experience varying degrees of hearing loss, with 16% attributed to workplace noise exposure [4][5] Group 2: Regulatory and Preventive Measures - Employers are required to improve processes and equipment, organize work tasks effectively, and reduce the frequency and load of repetitive wrist tasks [3] - Health checks for workers engaged in repetitive wrist activities are mandated, along with the implementation of supportive standards and increased awareness of self-protection among workers [3] - In 2024, the government will conduct on-site testing of occupational disease hazards at 70,000 employers, focusing on 500,000 key positions [4]