云冈石窟最大洞窟出土动物遗存

Core Insights - The largest cave of the Yungang Grottoes, Cave 3, has yielded 56 animal remains, which may be linked to the dietary structure of the craftsmen involved in the grotto's excavation [1][2][3] Archaeological Findings - The Yungang Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site, are located approximately 16 kilometers west of Datong City in Shanxi Province, featuring 252 caves carved from the mid-5th century to the early 6th century [2] - Cave 3, the largest, contains significant evidence of stone carving, stone extraction, and subsequent repairs, with a variety of artifacts including pottery shards, porcelain, stone sculptures, coins, and architectural components [2] - The 56 animal bones discovered include remains of dogs, horses, pigs, cattle, and sheep, indicating that during the Northern Wei and Liao-Jin periods, cattle and horses were primarily utilized, while pigs appeared only in the Northern Wei period [2][3] Utilization of Animal Remains - The animal bones found are mostly fragmented, with a predominance of less meaty parts such as skulls and teeth, suggesting high-intensity use, likely by the craftsmen or possibly by monks [3] - The findings provide insights into the dietary needs of the craftsmen after extensive labor, reflecting the use of animal resources for both work and sustenance [3]