“软实力”理论奠基人约瑟夫·奈逝世，曾称“特朗普不懂软实力”

Core Insights - Joseph Nye, a prominent figure in international relations and the founder of the concept of "soft power," passed away at the age of 88, leaving a significant impact on the field of international affairs [1][3]. Academic and Policy Achievements - Joseph Nye was born in 1937 and had a distinguished academic career at Harvard University, where he taught for 60 years after earning his PhD in 1964 [3]. - He led the Belfer Center at Harvard from 1989 to 1993, conducting groundbreaking research on nuclear weapons control post-Soviet Union, which influenced U.S. policy on preventing "loose nukes" [3]. - As Dean of the Kennedy School from 1995 to 2004, he oversaw a 40% increase in faculty and the establishment of five new research centers [3]. - Nye co-authored "Power and Interdependence" in 1977, which laid the foundation for neoliberalism by analyzing the growing influence of multinational corporations and international organizations in global politics [3]. Soft Power Theory - Nye introduced the concept of "soft power" in the late 1980s, emphasizing the ability to attract and persuade rather than coerce, which he articulated in his book "Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power" [4]. - Soft power is described as the capacity to influence others through appeal rather than force, akin to the Chinese concept of "leading without commanding" [4]. Recent Commentary and Influence - Nye remained active in commenting on international affairs until shortly before his death, critiquing former President Trump's understanding of soft power and its implications for U.S. foreign policy [7]. - He argued that Trump's focus on coercive tactics undermined America's soft power, which is crucial for maintaining alliances and global influence [7]. - Nye maintained that soft power remains important, asserting that attractiveness can reduce the need for coercive measures in international relations [7][8].