文明探源｜跨越四千年：探秘青藏高原湖畔的生命史诗

Core Insights - The recent archaeological discovery at the Mazuco site in Tibet has been recognized as one of the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2024," providing significant insights into early human adaptation to extreme environments on the Tibetan Plateau [1][3]. Archaeological Findings - The Mazuco site, located at an altitude of over 4,400 meters, spans approximately 224,000 square meters and has been excavated over five years, revealing over 60 tombs and various other structures [3][4]. - The site dates back 4,500 to 2,000 years, showcasing diverse burial practices and artifacts, including the earliest known bronze items in Tibet [4][5]. - The discovery of a "stacked burial" is notable as it marks the first of its kind in Tibetan archaeology, indicating complex burial customs and potential social stratification among early inhabitants [4][5]. Cultural Implications - The artifacts suggest the emergence of a new cultural identity termed "Mazuco Culture," which reflects connections with regions such as Sichuan and Yunnan, indicating a broader cultural exchange [5][6]. - The presence of agricultural remnants, including millet and rice, points to the integration of farming practices, which aligns with the development of pastoralism in the region [7][8]. Environmental Context - The ancient environment of the Mazuco site was significantly more hospitable than today, with a much larger lake supporting diverse aquatic life, which early inhabitants exploited for sustenance [7][8]. - The adaptation of early humans to the harsh high-altitude conditions is evidenced by their physical characteristics, which show evolutionary traits suited for survival in such environments [8][9]. Future Research Directions - Ongoing excavations at the Mazuco site are expected to uncover more about the cultural and historical narratives of early Tibetan civilizations, with only 1% of the site currently explored [8][9].