关税风暴下，茂名罗非鱼的产业破局与韧性生长 | 茂名罗非鱼深调研 ①

Core Insights - The article discusses the resilience and challenges faced by the Maoming tilapia industry amid escalating tariffs imposed by the U.S. on Chinese seafood products, particularly tilapia, which has seen tariffs rise to over 150% [4][21]. Group 1: Industry Overview - China is the largest producer of tilapia globally, with an annual output exceeding 1.7 million tons, and the Maoming region contributes approximately one-seventh of this total [3]. - The U.S. tariffs on Chinese tilapia began during Trump's first term, with a 25% tariff introduced in May 2019, leading to a 20% decline in imports of frozen tilapia fillets from 2020 to 2024 [16][17]. - By February 2025, tariffs were raised to 45%, and further increases in April 2024 brought the total to 150%, significantly impacting the industry [19][21]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - The high tariffs have led to a sharp decline in exports, with companies like Hengxing Group reporting a 35% year-on-year drop in U.S. exports by March 2024 [23]. - Domestic sales are becoming a focal point for the industry, with companies like Guangdong Fuwu Food noting a shift in international buyers' behavior due to tariff uncertainties [24][26]. - The domestic sales ratio of Maoming tilapia has increased from 10% to 20% as companies seek to adapt to the changing market conditions [41][42]. Group 3: Strategic Responses - The industry is encouraged to stabilize supply and avoid panic selling to prevent further price declines [33][39]. - Initiatives are underway to promote tilapia as a viable domestic protein source, with companies developing new products to appeal to younger consumers [45][46]. - E-commerce platforms like JD.com are launching significant support plans to facilitate the transition from export to domestic sales, with tilapia being a key focus [48][50]. Group 4: Quality and Perception - The nutritional value of tilapia is highlighted, with protein content ranging from 20% to 26% and low fat content, positioning it as a healthy alternative to other fish [63][64]. - Efforts are being made to improve the perception of tilapia from a "trash fish" to a recognized source of protein, supported by quality certifications and sustainable farming practices [77][76]. - The industry aims to leverage its technological advancements in aquaculture to maintain competitiveness despite tariff challenges, with a focus on achieving a "billion-dollar industry" status by 2025 [57][58].