野生黑猩猩母婴关系如何联结？最新研究称依恋模式或与人类相似

Core Insights - The study published in the journal "Nature Human Behavior" indicates that maternal-infant bonding in wild chimpanzees may resemble the secure and insecure-avoidant attachment patterns observed in humans, enhancing the understanding of maternal attachment in closely related species [1][3]. Group 1: Attachment Theory - Attachment theory was originally developed to understand the relationship between human infants and caregivers, suggesting that early bonding experiences influence psychological development and social interactions [3]. - Organized attachment is characterized by clear and consistent connections, while disorganized attachment occurs when behaviors are random or conflicting, with approximately 23% of human infants across different cultures exhibiting disorganized attachment [3]. Group 2: Research Findings - The research involved 3,795 hours of observation of 30 wild chimpanzees aged 0-10 years in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, focusing on their responses to threatening events [3][5]. - No evidence of disorganized attachment behaviors was found, such as infants displaying aggression towards their mothers. However, secure and insecure-avoidant attachment patterns were observed in immature chimpanzees during non-targeted threat events [3][5]. - Immature chimpanzees preferred to whimper and seek proximity to their mothers during threats, with this response decreasing as they aged. In 75 out of 78 cases, whimpering ceased after threats, regardless of maternal proximity, but always stopped when mothers were close [5]. Group 3: Evolutionary Implications - The authors conclude that certain characteristics of organized attachment have deep evolutionary roots, while disorganized attachment patterns are shaped by environmental factors [7]. - Although the sample size was small, the findings may inform future research on the environmental factors contributing to higher rates of disorganized attachment in captive great apes and humans [7].