看科技考古如何还原“世界屋脊”西藏玛不错先民生活

Core Insights - The article highlights the discovery of the Mabuco site in Tibet, which is the only Neolithic lakeside site among the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2024" in China, providing insights into how ancient humans adapted to the high-altitude environment of the Tibetan Plateau [1][2] Group 1: Archaeological Significance - The Mabuco site is located in the highest and oldest area of the Tibetan Plateau, dating back 4,000 years, with an area of approximately 224,000 square meters [2] - The site has yielded numerous animal bones, prompting research into whether the ancient inhabitants engaged in agriculture, pastoralism, or hunting [2][4] Group 2: Technological Advances in Archaeology - The use of ancient DNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing allows researchers to determine whether the animal bones are from domesticated or wild species, indicating early pastoral activities among the Mabuco people [4] - Technological archaeology enables a deeper understanding of the relationships between humans, animals, and the environment, revealing details of the Mabuco inhabitants' daily lives [5] Group 3: Dietary Insights - Research indicates that the early Mabuco inhabitants practiced both pastoralism and fishing, with fish being the primary food source, as evidenced by stable isotope analysis of human and fish remains [8][10] - The analysis shows that human nitrogen isotopes are higher than those of fish, confirming fish as a major dietary component [8] Group 4: Environmental Context - The ancient Galaru Lake, which was significantly larger than today, provided a stable ecosystem that supported year-round habitation for the Mabuco people [10][13] - The discovery of seasonal growth patterns in fish bones suggests that the ancient inhabitants were active throughout the year, with two-thirds of fish found to have died in summer and one-third in winter [11][13]