马王堆汉墓新发现：绮地“乘云绣”实为坐垫 T形帛画发现改痕

Core Insights - The recent discoveries at the Mawangdui Han Tomb reveal that the previously identified "pillow towel" known as "Qidi 'Chengyun Embroidery'" is actually a cushion, marking it as the earliest silk cushion found in archaeological records [1][3][4] - The T-shaped silk painting, a national treasure of the Hunan Museum, has been found to have multiple traces of alterations, indicating changes made during its creation [1][6][7] Group 1: Discoveries at Mawangdui Han Tomb - The "Qidi 'Chengyun Embroidery'" cushion measures 100 cm in length and 74 cm in width, discovered in the tomb of Li Cang's wife, Xinzhui [3] - The cushion was initially misidentified due to its similarity to another item, the "silk 'Chengyun Embroidery' pillow towel," which was found in the same burial chamber [4] - A review of historical records revealed that the term "茵" (cushion) was mistakenly recorded as "度" (degree), correcting the earlier misidentification [4] Group 2: T-shaped Silk Painting Findings - The T-shaped silk painting is divided into three sections: heaven, earth, and underground, featuring a mythical creature and various celestial elements [6] - Advanced imaging techniques uncovered multiple alteration traces, suggesting that the original design was modified, possibly due to changes in ritual practices over time [6][7] - The painting's depiction of a guardian figure holding a jade tablet indicates a ceremonial significance that may have evolved from the Spring and Autumn period to the Han dynasty [6] Group 3: Systematic Inventory and Research - In 2022, the Hunan Museum completed a systematic inventory of over 21,000 artifacts from the Mawangdui Han Tomb, including more than 19,000 textile items [9] - The use of artificial intelligence and advanced imaging techniques is being employed to enhance the study and preservation of Mawangdui artifacts, focusing on text and image restoration [9]