一砖一石，留下历史的印迹｜文物修复

Group 1 - The article discusses the restoration efforts of the Tiger Hill Pagoda in Suzhou, which has been leaning due to uneven ground settlement, earning it the nickname "Chinese Leaning Tower of Pisa" [2][3] - The first restoration in 1953 involved reinforcing the pagoda with reinforced concrete, which inadvertently increased its weight and caused issues with the foundation [3][4] - The second major restoration focused on strengthening the foundation through a combination of techniques including pile encasement and grouting, effectively controlling the settlement and tilt of the pagoda [4][5] Group 2 - After over twenty years post the second restoration, new issues arose such as water seepage and deterioration of the structure, leading to the initiation of a third major restoration in 2011 [5][6] - The third restoration emphasized comprehensive maintenance, including structural preservation, waterproofing, and protection against biological damage, marking a shift from previous emergency repairs to a more holistic approach [5][7] - The restoration process included the construction of scaffolding for access, which was completed in May 2015, allowing for detailed maintenance and repairs to the pagoda [6][7] Group 3 - The third restoration involved extensive work on the pagoda's roof, including cleaning, rust treatment, and the installation of new lightning protection systems [7][8] - The maintenance also addressed structural issues such as cracks and deterioration in the pagoda's body, ensuring that all repairs were conducted with a focus on preserving the original aesthetics [8][9] - A comprehensive survey using 3D laser scanning was implemented to monitor the pagoda's condition accurately, allowing for timely interventions [10] Group 4 - The article also highlights the restoration of the Zhao Zhou Bridge, which has undergone multiple repairs since its construction over 1400 years ago, with the most significant restoration occurring between 1955 and 1956 [12][13] - The restoration of Zhao Zhou Bridge faced debates on whether to maintain its original appearance or to replace severely damaged stones, ultimately leading to a reconstruction that utilized modern techniques while attempting to preserve historical integrity [14][15] - The restoration process included the use of reinforced concrete and waterproofing measures, which, while effective, led to concerns about the loss of historical authenticity [16][19] Group 5 - The article concludes with a focus on the importance of careful restoration practices, emphasizing the need to balance modern techniques with the preservation of historical value, as seen in the ongoing efforts to maintain the Great Wall [24][25] - The work of restoration experts like Cheng Yongmao is highlighted, showcasing a commitment to minimal intervention while ensuring structural safety and historical fidelity [28][29] - The ongoing restoration projects reflect a broader trend in heritage conservation, prioritizing the preservation of cultural significance alongside structural integrity [37]