南京大学陈鹏飞：太阳物理跟国计民生息息相关

Core Insights - Solar physics is not only about exploring celestial phenomena but also has significant implications for national economy and people's livelihoods, with annual losses in China amounting to billions of RMB due to solar flares [1][3] - The sun, located 150 million kilometers from Earth, provides abundant solar energy through hydrogen fusion, which converts mass into energy according to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle [1][3] Group 1: Solar Phenomena - The sun is complex and dynamic, exhibiting numerous eruptive phenomena that can be observed using extreme ultraviolet or X-ray telescopes, with hundreds of small energy releases occurring at any given time [3] - Solar flares are the most intense explosive events in the solar atmosphere, lasting from minutes to hours, with energy equivalent to 10 billion atomic bombs, often accompanied by coronal mass ejections that can reach speeds of hundreds to thousands of kilometers per second [3] Group 2: Impact on Earth - Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere provide protection against solar eruptions, but coronal mass ejections can still lead to geomagnetic storms, resulting in beautiful auroras and potential disruptions to satellites [3] - High-energy particles from solar flares can damage satellites, causing charging and discharging issues, and even leading to satellite destruction, as evidenced by the loss of 40 Starlink satellites in 2022 due to a minor solar eruption [3] Group 3: Research and Development - The research team is continuously analyzing observational data from telescopes and conducting numerical simulations of solar flare phenomena, utilizing artificial intelligence to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanisms behind solar eruptions [4][5]