美国评级遭调降！有什么影响

Core Viewpoint - The recent downgrade of the U.S. sovereign credit rating by Moody's from Aaa to Aa1 highlights significant concerns regarding the country's fiscal sustainability, driven by rising budget deficits and interest costs [2][5]. Group 1: Rating Downgrade Impact - Moody's cited the U.S. government's massive fiscal deficit and increasing interest costs as reasons for the downgrade, indicating that the government's borrowing will accelerate, leading to higher long-term interest rates [2]. - This downgrade marks the first time the U.S. has lost its AAA rating from all three major rating agencies, with previous downgrades occurring in 2011 and 2023 due to fiscal concerns and rising debt levels [3]. - Following the announcement, U.S. stock futures fell significantly, with the Dow Jones index futures dropping over 250 points, and most Asian markets also experienced declines [1][4]. Group 2: Market Reactions - The downgrade is expected to increase volatility in U.S. equities, with analysts warning of potential short-term sell-offs in both the stock and bond markets [4][6]. - The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield approached 4.5% after the news, reflecting immediate market reactions to the downgrade [4]. - Despite short-term impacts, the long-term effects on U.S. equities may be limited due to their inherent self-correcting capabilities, although the credibility of U.S. debt may continue to erode [5][6]. Group 3: Long-term Fiscal Concerns - Moody's expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of current fiscal proposals to significantly reduce spending and deficits, suggesting that the U.S. may face a structural deficit of $4 trillion over the next decade if tax reforms are made permanent [5]. - The ongoing fiscal unsustainability of the U.S. has been described as a "tumor" in the international financial market, indicating deep-rooted issues that could undermine confidence in U.S. debt over time [5][6].