怎么建设？有哪些指标？钱从哪来？——解读《美丽河湖保护与建设行动方案（2025—2027年）》

Core Viewpoint - The "Beautiful Rivers and Lakes Protection and Construction Action Plan (2025-2027)" aims to enhance the ecological environment of rivers and lakes in China, with specific targets and measures outlined for achieving this goal by 2027 and beyond [1]. Group 1: Conditions for Beautiful Rivers and Lakes - Beautiful rivers and lakes should have stable water sources, good water flow, and effective ecological water use to ensure "having rivers and water" [2]. - The ecological environment and biodiversity must be maintained or restored, ensuring the presence of indigenous species and achieving "having fish and grass" [2]. - Pollution control is essential, with water quality improving to a good standard, meeting public recreational needs, and resolving ecological issues to achieve "harmony between people and water" [2]. Group 2: Goals and Targets - By 2027, the construction rate of beautiful rivers and lakes is expected to reach approximately 40%, with significant progress by 2030 and basic completion by 2035 [2]. - The action plan includes 15 specific targets focusing on water environment governance, ecological water use assurance, and ecological protection and restoration [3]. Group 3: Water Environment Governance - The action plan emphasizes the importance of managing pollution sources, particularly through the establishment of a monitoring and regulatory system for pollution outlets by 2027 [4]. - It aims to significantly improve urban sewage treatment efficiency and achieve over 60% control of rural sewage by 2027, while eliminating rural black and odorous water bodies [4]. Group 4: Ecological Flow Assurance - The plan specifies requirements for ensuring ecological flow, which is crucial for maintaining river ecosystems, with a focus on cross-province key rivers and lakes by 2027 [5]. Group 5: Ecological Protection and Restoration - The action plan aims to enhance the health of river and lake ecosystems, with specific assessments and mechanisms for ecological compensation established by 2027 [6]. Group 6: Funding and Technology Support - The plan highlights the need for technological innovation in water ecological environments and emphasizes the role of central finance in supporting these initiatives [7]. - It encourages local finance and social capital to increase investment, promoting various models for public-private partnerships in ecological protection and construction [7].