国际能源署最新报告显示—— 全球关键矿产资源需求保持强劲增长

Core Insights - The International Energy Agency (IEA) report indicates a strong growth in global demand for key mineral resources in 2024, particularly lithium demand, which is expected to increase by nearly 30% [1] - The demand growth is primarily driven by the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, and renewable energy [1] - Despite the rising demand, the supply of key minerals, especially lithium, nickel, cobalt, and graphite, is stabilizing due to dominant suppliers like Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, leading to a decline in prices [1][2] Demand and Supply Dynamics - Demand for nickel, cobalt, graphite, and rare earth elements is projected to grow between 6% and 8% [1] - The market price of lithium, which surged eightfold between 2021 and 2022, has since dropped over 80% since 2023, with graphite, cobalt, and nickel prices also declining by 10% to 20% in 2024 [1] - Investment growth in global key mineral resource development is expected to slow from 14% in 2023 to 5% in 2024, with an actual growth rate of only 2% when adjusted for inflation [2] Exploration and Production Trends - Mining exploration activities are stabilizing in 2024, halting the rapid increase seen since 2020, with notable declines in exploration spending for nickel, cobalt, and zinc [2] - Indonesia is leading global nickel supply, while lithium supply is increasing from emerging producers like Argentina and Zimbabwe [2] - The report predicts an overall improvement in the supply-demand balance for key minerals by 2035, but significant concerns remain, particularly in the copper sector, which may face a 30% supply gap by 2035 [2] Vulnerabilities in Supply Chains - Any disruption in supply from key producing countries could have an exponential impact on the global market, fundamentally altering market balance [3] - The report highlights that even with sufficient supply, the global supply chain for key minerals remains vulnerable to extreme weather, technical failures, or trade disruptions [3] Strategic Responses and Innovations - Countries are investing public funds, deepening strategic cooperation, and reforming energy policies to ensure the security of key mineral resources [4] - The U.S. is accelerating project approvals and expanding domestic investments, while the EU has identified 47 strategic projects to expedite resource development [4] - Innovations in mining, such as AI exploration and new extraction technologies, are expected to reshape the production landscape for key minerals [4]