面对旱情，如何用好人工增雨助“解渴”

Core Insights - The article discusses the impact of artificial rainfall in alleviating drought conditions across various regions in China, highlighting its effectiveness and the operational details involved in the process [1][2][3]. Group 1: Artificial Rainfall Operations - As of May 25, 2023, artificial rainfall operations have resulted in an estimated increase of approximately 5.6 billion tons of precipitation, with operations covering an area of about 732,000 square kilometers [1]. - In 2023, a total of 553 aircraft operations and around 17,000 ground operations for artificial rainfall have been conducted, with ground operations increasing by about 20% compared to the same period last year [1]. - The artificial rainfall efforts have positively contributed to drought relief, soil moisture improvement, disaster reduction, reservoir replenishment, and ecological protection [1]. Group 2: Conditions for Artificial Rainfall - Artificial rainfall is not simply a matter of creating rain; it requires specific meteorological conditions, including sufficient water vapor, upward air currents, and adequate condensation nuclei [2]. - The process involves using catalysts to promote the aggregation of small water droplets in clouds, which can lead to increased precipitation [2]. - The impact of artificial rainfall on downstream precipitation is minimal, as the clouds affected by the operation are not the same as those producing rainfall downstream [2]. Group 3: Monitoring and Future Operations - Recent weather patterns have shown some improvement in drought conditions, with the Central Meteorological Observatory lifting the yellow drought warning on May 26, 2023 [3]. - However, moderate to severe drought conditions persist in certain areas, including southern Shaanxi, western Henan, and southern Gansu [3]. - The meteorological departments plan to enhance weather monitoring and pre-position operational resources to conduct timely artificial rainfall operations in drought-affected areas [4].