新闻分析｜科研停滞，人才外流——特朗普政府政策引发美科学界“寒潮”

Core Viewpoint - The policies of the Trump administration have led to a significant decline in the U.S. scientific community, characterized by research stagnation and talent outflow, threatening the country's long-standing leadership in global scientific innovation [1][2][4]. Group 1: Impact on Research Institutions - The Trump administration has taken aggressive actions against top universities, including freezing billions in funding and threatening tax-exempt status, which has resulted in the halt of critical health-related research [2][3]. - Federal research institutions have seen substantial staff reductions, with thousands of positions cut from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [2][3]. - The proposed budget for fiscal year 2026 includes drastic cuts to research funding, with a 37% reduction for the National Institutes of Health and over 50% for the National Science Foundation, alongside significant cuts to climate and ecological research [2][3]. Group 2: Long-term Consequences - The systematic impact of the Trump administration's policies on U.S. scientific innovation is expected to take decades to repair, as rebuilding trust in academic freedom and international collaboration is crucial [3][4]. - The reduction in research funding and withdrawal from international climate research collaborations are likely to hinder global scientific cooperation, particularly in public health and environmental research [3][4]. - The prioritization of "utility science" that directly translates to economic and geopolitical advantages has led to a neglect of basic research, which is now facing scrutiny and funding cuts [3][4]. Group 3: Global Research Landscape - The U.S. is experiencing a shift towards a more decentralized global research landscape, as other countries increase investments to attract talent, with a reported 32% rise in overseas job applications from U.S. researchers [4][5]. - Initiatives in Europe and Australia aim to draw top research talent away from the U.S., indicating a potential reconfiguration of the global scientific community [4][5]. - This trend may lead to multiple regional centers of research excellence, fostering new opportunities for collaboration across different fields [5].