专家：儿童青少年肥胖防控重点在于预防

Core Viewpoint - The prevention of childhood obesity is crucial and should begin during pregnancy and continue through early childhood, emphasizing the importance of balanced nutrition and physical activity [1][2][3][4] Group 1: Causes of Childhood Obesity - Childhood obesity is caused by multiple factors, primarily lifestyle choices such as excessive eating and insufficient physical activity, leading to an energy imbalance [1] - Obesity can lead to serious health complications, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and psychological issues, which may persist into adulthood [1] Group 2: Prevention Strategies - Prevention should start during pregnancy, with mothers maintaining a balanced diet and appropriate physical activity to avoid excessive fetal growth [2] - Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months is essential, followed by gradual introduction of solid foods while continuing breastfeeding until the age of two [2] Group 3: Healthy Eating Habits - Parents should ensure children have a balanced diet with a variety of foods, including grains, proteins, vegetables, and fruits, while controlling oil and salt intake [3] - Daily milk intake should be encouraged at approximately 300-500 milliliters, and water intake should be around 800-1400 milliliters, while limiting sugary drinks to prevent excess calorie consumption [3] Group 4: Physical Activity Recommendations - Infants should engage in at least 30 minutes of tummy time, while toddlers should have a minimum of 180 minutes of physical activity daily [4] - School-aged children should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day, including strength training exercises [4] - It is important to limit sedentary behavior, encouraging breaks from screen time to promote movement [4] Group 5: Management of Existing Obesity - For already obese children, lifestyle adjustments should be prioritized, with medical intervention considered only if lifestyle changes are ineffective or if complications arise [4]