到2027年，排污权交易制度建立健全

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government has issued an opinion to enhance the market-oriented allocation system for resource and environmental factors, aiming for a comprehensive trading system for carbon emissions, water rights, and pollution rights by 2027, which will support the achievement of related environmental goals [1][2]. Group 1: Carbon Emission Trading - The opinion emphasizes the transition of the national carbon emission trading market from intensity control to total quota control, enhancing the connection between carbon emission rights trading and carbon emission control systems [2]. - The carbon emission trading market currently covers approximately 40% of national CO2 emissions from the power generation sector, and with the inclusion of steel, cement, and aluminum industries, this coverage will exceed 60% [3]. - The distribution system for carbon emission quotas is identified as fundamental for all trading systems, necessitating improvements in the allocation methods to ensure scientific validity [3]. Group 2: Water Rights and Pollution Rights - The opinion outlines the need for strict dual control of total water usage and intensity, promoting the integration of water rights trading and water resource management systems [2]. - A pollution rights trading system will be established based on pollution permits, which will serve as the basis for rights confirmation and regulatory oversight [2]. Group 3: Market Mechanisms and Data Sharing - The opinion calls for the integration of carbon emission rights, water rights, and pollution rights trading into a public resource trading platform, facilitating data sharing and enhancing market efficiency [5]. - A reserve adjustment system for resource and environmental factors will be established to manage supply and demand effectively, including mechanisms for quota management [6]. Group 4: Implementation and Evaluation - The National Development and Reform Commission will oversee the implementation of the opinion, ensuring that local and national markets are aligned and that reforms are effectively executed [6].