专访｜《优秀的绵羊》作者：美国精英高等教育的缺失

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing issues within the American elite education system, highlighting that despite the passage of ten years since the publication of "Excellent Sheep," the core problems remain unchanged, with even more intense competition and increased mental health issues among students [1][3][4]. Group 1: Current State of Elite Education - The admission rate for top universities like Harvard has decreased from 6% in 2014 to 3% currently, indicating a worsening situation in elite education [3][4]. - The primary industries that graduates enter, such as finance, consulting, and technology, continue to dominate, with over half of graduates pursuing these fields [4]. - The systemic issues, including economic rules favoring the wealthy and the manipulation of admissions processes by affluent families, persist [4]. Group 2: Educational Philosophy and Student Well-being - The core philosophy of elite education, which emphasizes relentless competition and achievement, has not changed, leading to increased anxiety and mental health issues among students [4][5]. - The focus on grades and resumes over personal development and creativity remains prevalent, contributing to a culture of high pressure and depression [4][5]. - The impact of social media and the pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges for students, compounding the existing issues [4][5]. Group 3: Recommendations for Reform - Suggestions for reform include eliminating preferential admissions for legacy students and athletes, implementing class-based affirmative action, and restoring public funding for higher education [7]. - Emphasis on improving teaching quality and reforming career guidance services in universities is crucial, as current systems often fail to help students explore diverse career paths [7][8]. - The need for a shift in focus from merely producing high-earning graduates to fostering well-rounded individuals capable of contributing positively to society is highlighted [6][7]. Group 4: Global Perspective - The issues discussed are not limited to the U.S. but are observed globally, with similar patterns of elite education and the associated pressures being reported from various countries [12][13]. - The phenomenon of "Excellent Sheep" is recognized as a global issue, with educational systems worldwide exhibiting similar characteristics of competition and performance pressure [12][13]. - The decline of liberal arts education and the reduction of humanities programs in universities is seen as a concerning trend that undermines the development of critical thinking and empathy in students [14][15].