五部门：长江、黄河干流将建成统一的横向生态保护补偿机制

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government aims to establish a comprehensive horizontal ecological compensation mechanism by 2027, covering key river basins like the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, with further advancements expected by 2035 [1][2] Group 1: Policy Objectives - By 2027, a unified horizontal ecological compensation mechanism for the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers will be established, with local regions developing cross-regional compensation mechanisms for key rivers [1] - By 2035, the compensation mechanism will be further developed to cover major river systems and enhance ecological quality and services [1] Group 2: Implementation Measures - The compensation amounts will be calculated based on water quality changes at provincial entry and exit points, with adjustments made according to policy effectiveness [1] - Water quality indicators include permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, with respective weights of 30%, 30%, and 40% [1] Group 3: Historical Context and Examples - The horizontal compensation mechanism has seen successful trials, such as the 2012 agreement between the Ministry of Finance, former Ministry of Environmental Protection, and provinces of Anhui and Zhejiang, which allocated 5.7 billion yuan in compensation by 2022 [2] - The recent policy aims to address institutional gaps and promote a collaborative approach to ecological protection [2]