被食物撬动的历史进程

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical significance of food and culinary practices in China, emphasizing how food has influenced various historical periods from the pre-Qin era to the Ming and Qing dynasties. It highlights the work of archaeologist Zhang Liangren, who has transitioned to a food blogger and published a book titled "A History of Eating in China" that explores the evolution of Chinese civilization through its food culture [3][4]. Summary by Sections Archaeological Insights - Archaeological findings, particularly from the Erlitou site, reveal a variety of cooking utensils used in ancient China, including pots, tripods, and containers for fermentation, indicating a sophisticated understanding of food preparation and consumption among the elite [4][5]. - The presence of large ceremonial vessels at the Erlitou site suggests that only the nobility had access to alcoholic beverages, reflecting social stratification in ancient Chinese society [4]. Evolution of Food Practices - During the Shang Dynasty, the variety of food utensils increased, with the introduction of new types such as the zun and you, alongside the continued use of earlier pottery. This indicates a growing complexity in food preparation and consumption practices among different social classes [5]. - The staple foods during the Erlitou and Shang periods included grains like millet and rice, with steaming and boiling being the primary cooking methods. The lack of milling technology limited the consumption of wheat grains [6]. Regional Dietary Patterns - The article notes the dietary shift during the Han Dynasty, where rice became the staple in the south, while wheat was primarily cultivated in the lower Yellow River region. This shift was influenced by agricultural practices and population pressures [7][8]. - The introduction of winter wheat cultivation in the Guanzhong region during the Han Dynasty was a response to food shortages, showcasing the adaptability of agricultural practices to meet the needs of a growing population [8]. Cultural Exchange and Trade - The Song Dynasty saw a flourishing of the food industry, supported by advancements in agriculture and commerce, as well as the production of exquisite porcelain and metal utensils that became popular both domestically and internationally [9][10]. - The export of Chinese porcelain and iron cookware during the Song Dynasty reflects the extensive trade networks established along the Maritime Silk Road, highlighting the global influence of Chinese culinary culture [10][12]. Technological Advancements - The development of iron smelting technology during the Song Dynasty led to the mass production of iron cookware, which improved cooking efficiency and contributed to the popularization of stir-frying and deep-frying techniques in Chinese cuisine [11][12]. - The article emphasizes that food production and consumption are central to social and economic life, connecting various societal roles from farmers to merchants and chefs, thus forming a complex web of relationships [12].