凌家滩遗址：中华文明起源研究的宝库｜访古

Core Insights - The Lingjiatan site is a significant archaeological site from the late Neolithic period, providing crucial data for the study of prehistoric civilization in the lower Yangtze River region [2][6][27] - The site has revealed a large-scale prehistoric settlement with evidence of social organization, religious practices, and advanced craftsmanship, indicating a complex society [6][27][31] Discovery and Excavation - The Lingjiatan site was discovered in 1985 when villagers unearthed jade rings and stone tools, leading to its formal excavation by the Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in 1987 [2][4] - Continuous excavations have uncovered numerous structures, graves, and artifacts, including pottery, stone tools, and jade items, with significant findings in 2022 revealing a large public building [4][6] Site Layout and Functionality - The site is divided into three functional areas: residential zones for ordinary tribe members, a ceremonial area for leaders, and a large burial ground, showcasing early urban planning [9][11][13] - The ceremonial area includes a large altar with sacrificial pits, indicating organized religious practices and social hierarchy [11][27] Artifacts and Cultural Significance - The site has yielded thousands of artifacts, including pottery, jade, and bone tools, reflecting the advanced craftsmanship of the late Neolithic culture [17][19] - Notable jade artifacts include ceremonial items and decorative pieces, showcasing the artistic and technical skills of the Lingjiatan people [19][21][23] Insights into Civilization Origins - The findings at Lingjiatan provide vital clues about the origins of Chinese civilization, indicating a society with established governance and religious systems [27][28] - The presence of early divination artifacts suggests a developed belief system, contributing to the understanding of cultural evolution in ancient China [28][30] Cultural Exchange and Influence - The artifacts indicate potential trade or cultural exchange with other prehistoric cultures, highlighting the interconnectedness of early Chinese civilizations [30][31] - The Lingjiatan culture is seen as a precursor to later civilizations, marking a significant phase in the development of urban society in the lower Yangtze region [31][32]