财政部等五部门重磅发布

Core Viewpoint - The recent issuance of the "Opinions" and "Implementation Plan" aims to establish a unified horizontal ecological compensation mechanism for major rivers, enhancing the interaction between ecological product supply areas and beneficiary areas, and ensuring that protectors and contributors receive tangible benefits [1][4]. Group 1: Policy Framework - The central government will establish a unified mechanism for ecological compensation along the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, clarifying funding rules and responsibilities for provinces based on their ecological protection effectiveness [1][4]. - The mechanism emphasizes a clear accountability structure, promoting a "polluter pays" principle and incentivizing social capital participation in ecological civilization construction [1][6]. Group 2: Historical Context and Examples - The "Xin'an River Model," initiated in 2012, serves as a precedent for cross-province ecological compensation, where upstream and downstream provinces collaborate based on water quality standards [3]. - Currently, 30 cross-province ecological compensation mechanisms have been established across 24 provinces, with comprehensive coverage in key river basins [3]. Group 3: Implementation and Coordination - The central mechanism will not replace existing local agreements but will operate alongside them, allowing provinces to negotiate their own compensation arrangements while adhering to the unified framework [5]. - The implementation plan specifies procedures for fund allocation and emphasizes the importance of local financial contributions to the compensation system [4][5]. Group 4: Marketization and Diversification - The Ministry of Finance aims to promote a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism, encouraging the development of trading markets for carbon emissions, water rights, and pollution rights [6]. - Local governments are encouraged to explore various compensation methods beyond government funding, including collaborative projects and talent training, to create a sustainable ecosystem for ecological protection [6].