【时代风口】 脑机接口进化提速 仍需跨越安全成本伦理“三重门”

Core Viewpoint - The rapid advancements in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology highlight its potential to revolutionize medical applications, particularly in restoring vision for the blind and enhancing human capabilities, despite facing challenges in safety, cost, and ethical considerations [1][2][4]. Technological Developments - On June 6, a team from Fudan University published research in "Science" on the world's first visual prosthesis with ultra-wide spectral response capabilities, which can restore visible light vision in blind animals and expand visual functions [1]. - Neuralink, founded by Elon Musk, raised $650 million in a recent funding round, pushing its post-money valuation above $10 billion [1]. Clinical Applications - The first clinical and translational ward for BCI was established at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, marking a significant step in applying BCI technology in clinical settings [1][2]. Policy Support - In March, the National Healthcare Security Administration issued guidelines for pricing invasive and non-invasive BCI services, facilitating the clinical application of this technology [2]. Challenges to Industrialization - Safety concerns remain paramount, as invasive BCI procedures involve surgical risks and potential long-term immune rejection issues. Recent incidents with Neuralink's human brain device raised questions about the technology's reliability [2][3]. - The cost of BCI procedures ranges from 300,000 to 500,000 yuan per case, making it unaffordable for many patients and hindering market adoption [3]. - Ethical issues surrounding privacy and human autonomy are significant challenges, particularly regarding the implications of reading and influencing human thoughts and consciousness [3][4]. Future Outlook - The BCI industry is at a critical juncture, requiring advancements in technology, cost reduction, and ethical frameworks to ensure safe and beneficial applications for humanity [4].