透过数据看“十四五”答卷： 资本市场投融资新生态加速形成

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant achievements of China's capital market reforms during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, particularly focusing on the implementation of the registration system, equity financing, and increased shareholder returns through dividends and buybacks [1]. Group 1: Equity Financing - The total amount raised in the A-share market exceeded 5 trillion yuan, accounting for 3.57% of the increase in social financing scale [2]. - The implementation of the registration system has led to a reduction in over-subscription phenomena, with the average first-time offering over-subscription rate dropping from 3.82% during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to -0.23% in the "14th Five-Year Plan" [2]. - There has been a surge in high-quality A-share companies listing in Hong Kong, with 8 companies raising a total of 981.1 billion HKD since the listing of Midea Group [2]. Group 2: Strategic Emerging Industries - During the "14th Five-Year Plan," the proportion of fundraising from strategic emerging industries reached 76.97%, a significant increase of over 40 percentage points compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" [3]. - The fundraising amount for specialized and innovative enterprises approached 650 billion yuan, representing a 70% increase from the previous period [3]. Group 3: Private Enterprises - Private enterprises accounted for nearly 2.32 trillion yuan in total financing during the "14th Five-Year Plan," representing 46.19% of total A-share financing, an increase of over 9 percentage points from the "13th Five-Year Plan" [4]. - The first-time fundraising from private enterprises exceeded 990 billion yuan, making up over 60% of total A-share first-time fundraising [4]. Group 4: Institutional Investment - The proportion of A-shares held by domestic professional institutions reached 18.46%, an increase of 1.53 percentage points since the end of 2020 [7]. - The market value of public fund holdings rose to 5.87 trillion yuan, an increase of over 1 trillion yuan since the end of 2020 [7]. Group 5: Cash Dividends - The total cash dividends of A-share companies grew from 1.5 trillion yuan in 2021 to 2.4 trillion yuan in 2024, marking a nearly 50% increase [8]. - The number of companies distributing dividends multiple times a year reached 922 by 2024, with an overall dividend rate exceeding 40% [8]. Group 6: Share Buybacks - The amount of active buybacks in A-share companies reached a historical high of over 112 billion yuan in 2024, with the buyback amount exceeding 250 billion yuan since the beginning of 2025 [9][10]. - The active buyback amount during the "14th Five-Year Plan" nearly doubled compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan," with a buyback amount that is 3.65 times higher than the previous period [9]. Group 7: Market Performance - Companies like Gree Electric, Midea Group, and Baosteel have been among the top three in cumulative buyback amounts from 2021 to 2025, with their stock prices significantly outperforming their respective industries [11].