文明探源丨佛寺映千年，莫尔寺遗址见证丝路文化交融

Core Viewpoint - The discovery of the Mo'er Temple site in Xinjiang, which has been selected as one of the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2024," provides significant evidence of the development of Buddhism in China from the Han to the Tang dynasties, showcasing the integration of Buddhist culture with Chinese culture [3][9][17]. Summary by Sections Archaeological Findings - The Mo'er Temple site, located northeast of Kashgar, features two prominent earthen pagodas, one round and one square, which have stood for over 1,800 years [5][6]. - Since the initiation of the archaeological project in 2019, researchers have uncovered a wealth of structures, including 18 individual buildings with a total of 62 rooms, covering an area of 4,600 square meters and yielding thousands of artifacts [5][9]. - The site reflects a blend of architectural styles from India, Gandhara, Central Asia, and local Chinese influences, indicating a rich cultural exchange along the Silk Road [5][6]. Historical Context - The Mo'er Temple site is recognized as the earliest and most well-preserved large-scale earthen Buddhist temple site in the westernmost region of China, filling a gap in the historical and archaeological understanding of Buddhism in the ancient Shule region [9][10]. - The mainstream view suggests that Buddhism was introduced to Xinjiang around the 1st century BC, with significant historical figures like Faxian and Xuanzang praising the Buddhist practices in Shule [9][10]. Cultural Significance - The evolution of the temple's layout from the 1st to the 10th century illustrates the adaptability and integration of Buddhist practices within Chinese culture, providing crucial archaeological evidence for the multicultural interactions along the Silk Road [6][9]. - The findings at the Mo'er Temple site, including animal bones and plant remains, support historical accounts of monastic life and dietary practices, further enriching the understanding of the cultural dynamics in the region [10][11]. Future Developments - Following its recognition, plans are underway to open the Mo'er Temple site to the public, aiming to enhance cultural heritage education and promote the historical significance of the site [15][17].