新华鲜报｜应对全球空间天气灾害！我国科学家发起国际子午圈大科学计划

Core Viewpoint - The international meridian circle scientific program aims to enhance global monitoring and research of space weather, addressing the challenges posed by space weather phenomena that can adversely affect satellites, communication, navigation, and power systems [4][6]. Group 1: Space Weather Overview - Space weather refers to the short-term changes in the solar activity affecting the Earth’s space environment, recognized as the "fourth environment" beyond land, sea, and air [4]. - The adverse effects of space weather are a global phenomenon, presenting a common challenge for humanity [4]. Group 2: Significance of the Meridian Circle - The meridian circle spanning from 120 degrees East to 60 degrees West is unique due to its complete land coverage, allowing for a comprehensive ground-based observation network [5]. - This configuration enables continuous three-dimensional scanning of the space environment, facilitating day-and-night monitoring of space weather [5]. Group 3: Implementation of the International Program - The international meridian circle scientific program is set to last at least 11 years, aiming to create a platform for global scientific collaboration and participation [6]. - The program has already secured cooperation agreements with 36 international organizations and research institutions, establishing a strong foundation for its implementation [6]. - The initiative is expected to significantly advance human understanding of space weather and improve global capabilities in responding to space weather disasters [6].