固态电池研发加速推进 破解人形机器人续航难题

Core Viewpoint - The humanoid robot industry faces a significant challenge with battery life, specifically the "one hour charging for two hours working" dilemma, which hinders large-scale application. Solid-state batteries are seen as the ultimate solution due to their high energy density, safety, and long cycle life [1][2]. Battery Performance Challenges - Humanoid robots have stricter performance requirements for lithium batteries compared to traditional consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Current products struggle with long charging times and short operational durations due to limited internal space for battery expansion [2]. - Key technical bottlenecks affecting battery life include insufficient energy density, high discharge rates leading to performance degradation, and inadequate battery management systems (BMS) [2][3]. Energy Density and Discharge Issues - Current mainstream lithium batteries, such as ternary lithium batteries, have an energy density of only 240Wh/kg, which is below the 400Wh/kg threshold needed for longer operational durations. For instance, Tesla's Optimus robot can only operate for 2 to 4 hours with a 2.3kWh battery [3]. - High discharge rates required for complex movements in humanoid robots can cause overheating and reduce battery life. Existing battery materials struggle to balance power output and stability under high load conditions [3][4]. Innovations in Battery Technology - The main development directions for lithium battery technology in humanoid robots include high-nickel ternary batteries and solid-state batteries. High-nickel batteries can reduce size and weight, while solid-state batteries offer superior safety [5][6]. - Innovations in battery structure, such as square stacked batteries, enhance energy density by optimizing internal space utilization. New materials like lithium-rich manganese-based compounds are being explored to improve energy density by over 20% [5][6]. Safety and Charging Efficiency - Safety is paramount in robot applications, with a focus on creating a multi-layered safety system from cell safety to active system defenses. The use of solid-state electrolytes significantly reduces the risk of thermal runaway [8][9]. - Current battery products can achieve 80% state of charge in just 6 minutes, significantly reducing charging times and enhancing productivity [8][9]. Market Outlook and Collaboration - The global humanoid robot market is projected to exceed 5 million units and 400 billion yuan by 2035, driving a surge in lithium battery demand [12]. - Companies like Haopeng Technology and BetterRay are forming strategic partnerships with leading robot manufacturers to innovate in battery technology, focusing on miniaturization, lightweight design, and efficiency [12][13].