东西问丨邓玉萍：中非共“逐”绿 如何转动共赢之匙？

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant progress and achievements in China-Africa green development cooperation since the launch of the "China-Africa Cooperation 2035 Vision," highlighting the transition from conceptual agreement to practical implementation in sustainable development initiatives [3][4]. Group 1: Achievements in Green Development Cooperation - The cooperation in clean energy construction has reached new heights, with Chinese enterprises participating in hundreds of clean energy projects across Africa, including notable projects like the De Aar Wind Farm in South Africa and the Garissa Solar Power Station in Kenya. By the end of 2024, the installed capacity of solar power stations built through China-Africa cooperation is expected to exceed 1.5 GW [4]. - Significant results have been achieved in ecological protection, with China's desertification control experience being applied in the "Green Great Wall" initiative across 11 countries south of the Sahara. Wildlife protection facilities built by China are now widespread in multiple African nations, supporting ecological civilization construction [6]. - The green cooperation mechanism is continuously improving, with initiatives such as the "China-Africa Cooperation Forum: Roundtable Dialogue on Ecological Environment and Climate Change" held in Beijing in August 2024, which led to the release of a proposal to strengthen green sustainable development cooperation [6]. Group 2: Potential and Challenges of African Green Transition - The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) reports that Africa's renewable energy installed capacity has nearly doubled over the past decade, increasing from 34.7 GW in 2015 to 66.8 GW in 2024, with rapid growth in solar, hydro, and wind energy [7]. - However, there is a significant imbalance in resource endowment and development levels, as Africa possesses about 60% of the world's exploitable solar resources but generates only around 1.2% of global electricity from these sources. Non-hydro renewable energy accounts for only 6% of Africa's electricity consumption [7]. - Deep-rooted challenges hinder the transition, including policy execution issues, lack of public participation, and a weak green finance system, which limits private capital involvement and regulatory oversight [7]. Group 3: Lessons from China's Green Transition Experience - China's experience in developing strategic green industries and optimizing industrial layout can serve as a crucial reference for African countries still in the early stages of industrialization [8]. - The promotion of energy transition and the strengthening of supply-demand interactions are highlighted, with China's clean energy consumption reaching 28.6% by the end of 2024, and renewable energy generation capacity surpassing 2 billion kW [8]. - Environmental governance and regulatory frameworks in China provide a model for Africa to enhance its green development governance system [10]. Group 4: Strategic Cooperation and Future Directions - The strategic alignment and structural complementary advantages between China and Africa in green development cooperation are emphasized, moving beyond simple supply-demand matching to a new model of South-South cooperation [12]. - To achieve mutual benefits, mechanisms for strategic integration, industrial collaboration, financial innovation, and governance improvement are essential [14]. - The article concludes that the ongoing cooperation has the potential to become a significant engine for global green transition and South-South cooperation, contributing to the United Nations' 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement [15].