以伊冲突背景下 高盛聚焦能源板块双轨机遇：天然气与炼油领跑，油服与页岩均值回归

Core Viewpoint - Goldman Sachs reports a significant divergence in the performance of the 23 energy stocks within the S&P 500 index in 2025, with an overall trend that remains roughly in line with the broader market, which is up approximately 3% year-to-date [1][3]. Energy Sector Performance - The S&P 500 energy sector has shown a stark divergence, with the top five performing stocks outperforming the bottom five by nearly 29% [1][3]. - As of June 16, 2025, ten energy components have outperformed the S&P 500, while thirteen have lagged behind [4][3]. - The worst-performing stock, OKE, has seen a decline of nearly 18% year-to-date [3][6]. Strong Segments - Natural gas and refining sectors are leading the momentum, with strong performance driven by solid underlying factors [5][1]. - Natural gas prices, despite recent volatility, remain robust in the long term, supporting the performance of natural gas stocks [5][9]. - Refining profits are high due to strong demand and limited capacity increases, particularly benefiting refiners along the U.S. Gulf Coast [5][9]. Underperforming Segments - Oilfield services and upstream exploration sectors have lagged significantly, attributed to lowered earnings expectations amid a persistent oversupply in the crude oil market [7][8]. - Companies like Halliburton are expected to see a decline in earnings per share (EPS) by approximately 21% in 2025 compared to 2024, reflecting negative sentiment in the market [8][11]. Future Outlook - Goldman Sachs maintains a positive outlook on strong natural gas and refining stocks, expecting continued momentum in these segments [9][10]. - The firm identifies potential mean reversion opportunities in underperforming stocks, particularly in the upstream shale oil sector, with companies like Diamondback Energy and Halliburton showing promise for recovery [10][11]. - The financial health of companies like EQT and Valero is highlighted, with expectations for continued strong performance supported by favorable market conditions [9][10].