健全机制守护绿水青山

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism marks a new stage in China's ecological compensation system, transitioning from policy exploration to institutionalization, and aims to promote collaborative governance in major river basins like the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers [1][2]. Group 1: Mechanism Development - The horizontal ecological compensation mechanism is a specific practice of top-level design in ecological civilization construction, emphasizing the transformation of the "community of life" concept into a system design of "cost sharing and benefit sharing" [1]. - By 2035, the mechanism aims to cover key river basins and enhance ecological environment quality, ecosystem service functions, and urban-rural living conditions, contributing to national ecological security and the construction of a beautiful China [2]. Group 2: Challenges and Issues - The mechanism faces structural contradictions and practical challenges, including the scientific basis of compensation standards, which often rely on administrative negotiations and fail to reflect the true market value of ecological services [3]. - There is a mismatch in the use of ecological compensation funds, with a focus on hardware construction rather than supporting green industries, leading to underutilization of high-quality agricultural products [3]. - The market-oriented compensation mechanism is underdeveloped, primarily relying on fiscal transfers, with limited scale effects due to imperfect trading rules and insufficient market liquidity [3]. Group 3: Optimization Pathways - There is a need to improve the ecological product value realization mechanism and establish a scientific ecological value accounting system, quantifying losses and contributions from individuals and enterprises [4]. - Expanding the practical path of "green mountains and clear waters are invaluable assets" by using compensation funds to develop organic agriculture and eco-tourism can protect biodiversity while fostering new economic growth points [4]. - Strengthening regional collaborative governance and creating a multi-stakeholder co-governance framework, such as a "joint river chief system," is essential for effective monitoring and enforcement [4].