从九一八到七七事变：抗战的初始与全面爆发

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical context and significance of the September 18 Incident and the July 7 Incident, marking the beginning and escalation of the Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression, leading to a unified national effort in the Anti-Japanese War [10][18]. Group 1: Historical Background - The September 18 Incident in 1931 initiated Japan's aggressive expansion into China, which was the first step in its broader imperial ambitions [10]. - The period following the September 18 Incident is characterized as "localized resistance," where anti-Japanese activities were not yet widespread across the nation [10][11]. - The July 7 Incident in 1937 marked the transition from localized resistance to a full-scale national war against Japan, uniting various political factions under a common cause [10][18]. Group 2: Political Dynamics - During the early phase of the Anti-Japanese War, the Nationalist government under Chiang Kai-shek exhibited a passive attitude towards anti-Japanese activities, fearing the rise of local warlords [12][13]. - Local warlords often prioritized their own power struggles over national unity, leading to fragmented resistance efforts [12][13]. - The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) initially struggled to establish a united front against Japan due to its weakened position after the 1927 anti-communist purge [13][14]. Group 3: Rise of Anti-Japanese Sentiment - Despite the challenges, the anti-Japanese sentiment grew, particularly in response to Japan's increasing aggression, leading to the formation of various resistance groups [15][16]. - The establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front was a significant development, with the CCP advocating for a unified resistance against Japanese forces [19]. - The July 7 Incident catalyzed a nationwide call for comprehensive resistance, with Chiang Kai-shek's rhetoric emphasizing collective responsibility for defense [18][19]. Group 4: Regional Impact - The events in Hainan, while geographically distant, were influenced by the national anti-Japanese sentiment, leading to local organizations advocating for resistance [20]. - The CCP in Hainan adapted to the changing political landscape, forming alliances with local Nationalist forces to establish a united front against Japanese invaders [20]. - The formation of the Hainan Anti-Japanese National United Front marked a significant local response to the broader national movement [20].