科普｜中国南北地区呼吸道合胞病毒流行有差异，防控如何更精准仍有待探索

Core Insights - The article discusses the seasonal variation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in different provinces of China, highlighting that the northern regions experience a peak season from November to April, while southern regions have sporadic cases throughout the year [1][2][6] Group 1: RSV Prevalence and Impact - RSV is one of the most common pathogens causing respiratory infections in children under five globally, with a significant presence in severe acute respiratory infection cases in China [1][4] - The positive detection rate of RSV in hospitalized severe acute respiratory infection cases has consistently ranked among the top three pathogens since the fourth week of 2025 [1][2] - The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact, with severe cases leading to respiratory failure and heart failure, particularly in infants and vulnerable populations [4][5] Group 2: Prevention Strategies - Although no RSV vaccine has been approved in China, preventive monoclonal antibodies are available, and the long-acting monoclonal antibody Nirsevimab has been approved for use in newborns and infants [5][6] - A successful case from Galicia, Spain, showed that the introduction of preventive monoclonal antibodies into the immunization program led to an 89% reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations [6] - The article emphasizes the need for tailored prevention strategies based on regional RSV patterns, with ongoing discussions about vaccination guidelines for subtropical regions like Guangdong [7][8] Group 3: Future Considerations - There are concerns regarding the long-term effects of monoclonal antibody administration on the immune system of infants, with initial observations indicating no significant increase in RSV infections later in life [9] - The economic implications of frequent vaccinations in regions without a clear RSV season are also under consideration, as the cost-effectiveness of such strategies remains to be evaluated [7][8]