完善耕地保护制度体系

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of land conservation, particularly arable land, in ensuring national food security, highlighting the need for a robust system to protect and utilize land efficiently [1][2]. Group 1: Current Status of Arable Land - As of 2023, China's arable land area is reported to be 1.929 billion acres, with a shift from a trend of "decrease in the south and increase in the north" to "increase in both south and north," resulting in a net increase of 2.105 million acres in southern regions [1]. - The area of sloped arable land (over 25 degrees) has decreased by 1.3219 million acres, while flat arable land (under 2 degrees) has increased by 7.147 million acres [1]. Group 2: Challenges in Arable Land Protection - The country still faces challenges such as low per capita arable land, poor quality of arable land, and insufficient backup resources, with issues of "non-agriculturalization" and "non-grainization" of arable land remaining prominent [2]. - Problems like farmland abandonment, soil erosion, groundwater over-extraction, soil degradation, and increased agricultural pollution are prevalent, indicating that the foundation for protecting arable land is not solid [2]. Group 3: Policy and Institutional Framework - There is a need to enhance the arable land protection system, focusing on quantity, quality, and ecological balance, with responsibilities clearly defined for provincial and local governments [3]. - The "National Land Spatial Planning Outline (2021-2035)" has been completed, setting clear tasks for the protection of arable land and permanent basic farmland [3]. Group 4: Strategies for Improvement - The article suggests reforms in the balance of arable land occupation and compensation, integrating various land use activities into a unified management system [3]. - Efforts are being made to improve arable land quality, with plans to convert all permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland and establish a management mechanism to optimize land layout [3]. Group 5: Economic Incentives - To combat the issues of "non-agriculturalization" and "non-grainization," it is crucial to enhance the income security mechanism for grain farmers and promote modern, intensive agricultural practices [4]. - Establishing a compensation mechanism for major grain-producing areas is essential to create a collaborative effort in arable land protection [4].