【环时深度】“硬刚”美国军费要求，西班牙有哪些考量？

Core Viewpoint - Spain has resisted U.S. pressure to increase its defense spending to 5% of GDP, committing only to 2.1%, reflecting its independent stance within NATO and the EU [1][3][4] Defense Spending and NATO Relations - At the NATO summit, leaders agreed to raise defense spending to 5% of GDP by 2035, but Spain's Prime Minister Sanchez firmly stated that Spain would not follow this directive, maintaining its commitment to 2.1% [3][4] - Spain's position has drawn criticism from the U.S., with President Trump labeling Spain as "NATO's new villain" and threatening repercussions in trade negotiations [3][4] - Only Belgium and Slovakia openly supported Spain's stance against the 5% requirement, highlighting Spain's isolation on this issue [4] Historical Context and Public Sentiment - Spain's reluctance to prioritize defense spending is rooted in its historical context, particularly the legacy of the Franco dictatorship, which neglected military funding [5][6] - The Spanish public has a cautious attitude towards military expansion, influenced by a long-standing pacifist tradition [7][8] Economic Considerations - Spain's defense budget for 2024 is approximately €17.2 billion, a 9.3% increase from 2023, but still only 1.28% of GDP, the lowest among NATO countries [5][8] - The government prefers to allocate resources to social welfare rather than military spending, with Sanchez emphasizing the need to avoid jeopardizing public services [8][9] Independent Foreign Policy - Spain seeks to maintain an independent foreign policy, balancing relations with the U.S. and China, and advocating for closer economic ties with China despite U.S. warnings [10][11] - Spain's unique geographical position influences its security perceptions, leading to a different threat assessment compared to Eastern European countries [9][12] Support for Ukraine and Regional Stability - Spain has been a strong supporter of Ukraine, providing military aid and emphasizing the need for dialogue with Russia to resolve the conflict [11][12] - Spain's diplomatic efforts extend to maintaining stable relations with North African countries, focusing on regional security and cooperation [12]