特稿｜北半球多国遭遇高温天气 全球变暖影响日趋凸显

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to global warming, urging governments to enhance heatwave preparedness and long-term strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions [1][6][7]. Group 1: Extreme Heat Events - Many countries in the Northern Hemisphere are experiencing extreme heat early in the summer, with Italy issuing red alerts for major cities due to high temperatures [2]. - In Germany, forecasts predict up to 14 days of temperatures exceeding 30 degrees Celsius, raising concerns about forest fire risks [2]. - The U.S. has recorded record high temperatures in nearly 40 cities, affecting approximately 160 million people across at least 29 states [3]. Group 2: Health Impacts - High temperatures can lead to heat exhaustion and heatstroke, with significant health risks for vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions [4][5]. - In France, over 3,700 deaths were attributed to summer heat in 2024, with a similar estimate of around 3,000 deaths in Germany due to heat-related causes [4]. Group 3: Mitigation Strategies - Experts recommend various measures to mitigate the effects of heatwaves, such as increasing urban greenery and providing shaded areas [4]. - Public health strategies and early warning systems are crucial for protecting vulnerable groups from extreme heat [4][5]. Group 4: Climate Change and Weather Patterns - The phenomenon known as the "heat dome" is linked to extreme heat events, exacerbated by global warming, which causes high-pressure systems to trap warm air near the surface [6]. - Climate change is leading to more unstable weather patterns, with extreme weather events becoming more common, including both heatwaves and cold snaps [6]. Group 5: Global Temperature Trends - The China Meteorological Administration's report indicates that 2024 is projected to be the hottest year on record since 1850, driven by human activities and natural climate variability [7].